CH. 11: Digestive Terms Flashcards
mouth
opening, food [pass in]; break [food] down by m(c) & mix w/ what?
opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva.
tongue
[mostly] sm; P region [mouth attach.]; movement for m[c], food to phar. for what?, major organ for [2]
consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth; provides movement of food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech.
palate
separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
soft palate
posterior portion, not supported by bone
hard palate
anterior portion, supported by bone
uvula
soft V-shaped structure that extends from the soft palate; directs food into the throat.
pharynx
performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus (also called throat)
esophagus
10-in (25-cm) tube that is a passageway for food extending from the pharynx to the stomach. Peristalsis, involuntary wavelike movements that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract, begins in the esophagus.
stomach
J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food; secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones that act locally to control digestive system function.
cardia
area around the opening of the esophagus
fundus
proximal domed portion of the stomach
body
central portion of the stomach, distal to the fundus
antrum
distal portion of the stomach
pylorus
portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine
pyloric sphrincter
ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum
small intestine
20-foot (6-m) tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine. Digestion is completed in the small intestine. Absorption, the passage of the nutrients (end products of digestion) from the small intestine to the bloodstream, takes place through the villi, tiny fingerlike projections that line the walls of the small intestine.
duodenum
first 10 to 12 in (25cm) of the small intestine
jejunum
second portion of the small intestine, approx. 8 ft (2.4m) long
ileum
third portion of the small intestine, approx. 11 ft (3.3m) long, which connects with the large intestine
large intestine
approx. 5 ft (1.5m) long tube that extends from the ileum to the anus. Absorption of water and transit of the solid waste products of digestion take place in the large intestine.
cecum
U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine
colon
main portion of the large intestine; divided into four parts: ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.
rectum
distal portion of the large intestine; approx. 8 to 10 in (20cm) long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus
anus
sphincter muscle (ringlike band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the gastrointestinal tract; provides for elimination of solid waste products of digestion.
salivary glands (accessory organ)
produce saliva, which flows into the mouth
liver (accessory organ)
produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats; performs many other functions concerned with digestion and metabolism
biliary tract
organs and ducts (passageways) that transport, store, and release bile (also called biliary system)
bile ducts
passageways that carry bile; the hepatic duct collects bile formed in the liver; cystic duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder for storage.
common bile duct
small, tubelike structure where the hepatic duct and cystic duct join; conveys bile to the duodenum to aid in the breakdown of fats.
gallbladder
small, saclike structure that stores bile produced by the liver
pancreas
produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food; secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism
peritoneum
serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
appendix
small pouch, which has no known function in digestion; attached to the cecum (also called vermiform appendix)
abdomen
portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis
