CH. 14: DISEASE & DISORDER TERMS

Question 1

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 1

form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures and that, as it progresses, causes a forward bend of the spine (also called Strümpell-Marie arthritis or disease, or rheumatoid spondylitis

Question 2

bunion

Answer 2

abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe, the metatarsal-phalangeal joint. It is a common problem, often hereditary or caused by poorly fitted shoes. (also called hallux valgus)

Question 3

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Answer 3

common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve; symptoms include pain and tingling in portions of the hand and fingers

Question 4

compartment syndrome

Answer 4

painful condition caused by increased pressure within a muscle that can lead to ischemia; acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency and is caused by severe injury

Question 5

dislocation

Answer 5

displacement of bones in a joint from their normal alignment (also called luxation)

Question 6

exostosis

Answer 6

abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone (also called spur)

Question 7

fracture (fx)

Answer 7

broken bone

Question 8

ganglion cyst

Answer 8

collection of jellylike fluid forming a benign mass arising from joints, most commonly appearing in the wrist, hand, and ankle

Question 9

gout

Answer 9

disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals (tophi) to be deposited in the joints, producing arthritis. The great toe is frequently affected.

Question 10

herniated disk

Answer 10

rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots (also called slipped disk, ruptured disk, herniated intervertebral disk, or herniated nucleus pulposus [HNP])

Question 11

Lyme disease

Answer 11

infection caused by a bite from a deer tick infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. This bacterium provokes an immune response in the body, the symptoms of which can mimic several musculoskeletal diseases. Patients may experience fever, headache, and joint pain. A rash (target lesion) may initially arise at the site of the tick bite.

Question 12

muscular dystrophy (MD)

Answer 12

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

Question 13

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Answer 13

chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell. The face, larynx, and throat are frequently affected; no true paralysis of the muscles exists

Question 14

osteoporosis

Answer 14

abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, and wrists after slight trauma (occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women)

Question 15

plantar fasciitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the connective tissue of the sole of the foot (plantar fascia) due to repetitive injury; common cause of heel pain

Question 16

repetitive strain injury (RSI)

Answer 16

cumulative damage to joint, muscle, or other tissue caused by movements performed over and over again; characterized by pain, swelling, numbness, and lack of strength and flexibility, most commonly affecting the hands, wrists, elbows, and shoulders

Question 17

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 17

chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body

Question 18

rotator cuff disease

Answer 18

damage to one or more of the four tendons stabilizing the shoulder joint due to injury or degeneration; symptoms may include pain, limited range of motion, and muscle weakness

Question 19

spinal stenosis

Answer 19

narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots. The condition is either congenital or due to spinal degeneration. Symptoms are pain radiating to the thigh or lower legs and numbness or tingling in the lower extremities.

Question 20

spondylolisthesis

Answer 20

forward slipping of one vertebra over another

Question 21

sprain

Answer 21

abnormal stretching or tearing of a ligament that supports a join

Question 22

strain

Answer 22

abnormal stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon

Question 23

subluxation

Answer 23

partial dislocation of bones in a joint

Question 24

tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 24

painful foot disorder caused by compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it passes through the ankle