CH. 10: Cardiovascular Disease/Disorder Terms

Question 1

angioma

Answer 1

tumor composed of blood vessels

Question 2

angiostenosis

Answer 2

narrowing of a blood vessel

Question 3

aortic stenosis

Answer 3

narrowing, pertaining to aorta; narrowing of the aortic valve

Question 4

arteriosclerosis

Answer 4

hardening of the arteries

Question 5

atherosclerosis

Answer 5

hardening of fatty plaque (deposited on the arterial wall)

Question 6

bradycardia

Answer 6

condition of a slow heart (rate less than 60 beats per minute)

Question 7

cardiomegaly

Answer 7

enlargement of the heart

Question 8

cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

disease of the heart muscle

Question 9

endocarditis

Answer 9

inflammation of the inner (lining) of the heart (particularly heart valves)

Question 10

ischemia

Answer 10

deficiency in blood (flow); caused by constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel

Question 11

myocarditis

Answer 11

inflammation of the muscle of the heart

Question 12

pericarditis

Answer 12

inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart

Question 13

phlebitis

Answer 13

inflammation of a vein

Question 14

polyarteritis

Answer 14

inflammation of many (sites in the) arteries

Question 15

tachycardia

Answer 15

condition of a rapid heart (rate of more than 100 beats per minute)

Question 16

thrombophlebitis

Answer 16

inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot

Question 17

valvulitis

Answer 17

inflammation of a valve (of the heart)

Question 18

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Answer 18

sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction.

Question 19

aneurysm

Answer 19

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

Question 20

angina pectoris

Answer 20

chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.

Question 21

arryhthmia

Answer 21

any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern.

Question 22

cardiac arrest

Answer 22

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Question 23

cardiac tamponade

Answer 23

acute compression of the heart cause by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity.

Question 24

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 24

condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress to depriving heart tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally.

Question 25

cor pulmonale

Answer 25

enlargement of the heart’s right ventricle due to pulmonary disease

Question 26

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 26

condition of thrombus (blood clot) in a deep vein of the body; most often occurs in the lower extremities.

Question 27

fibrillation

Answer 27

rapid, quivering, uncoordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles causing cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 28

heart failure (HF)

Answer 28

condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen (also called congestive heart failure [CHF])

Question 29

hypertensive heart disease (HHD)

Answer 29

disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure; it may be associated with hypertrophy or dilation of the chambers of the heart

Question 30

intermittent claudication

Answer 30

condition of pain, tension and weakness in a limb that starts when walking is begun, increases until walking is no longer possible, and then completely resolves when the patient is at rest; caused by reversible muscle ischemia that occurs with peripheral artery disease

Question 31

mitral valve stenosis

Answer 31

narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usu. caused by episodes of rheumatic fever

Question 32

myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 32

death (necrosis) of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply (also called heart attack)

Question 33

peripheral artery disease (PAD)

Answer 33

disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery; caused most commonly by atherosclerosis, but occasionally by inflammatory diseases, emboli, or thrombus formation (also called peripheral vascular disease [PVD])

Question 34

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 34

damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

Question 35

varicose veins

Answer 35

distended or tortuous veins usu. found in the lower extremities

Question 36

hypercholesterolemia

Answer 36

excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood; associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 37

hyperlipidemia

Answer 37

excessive amount of any type of fats in the blood; associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 38

hypertension (HTN)

Answer 38

blood pressure that is above normal (greater than 130/80 mm Hg in adults under the age of 60)

Question 39

hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 39

excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood; associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 40

hypotension

Answer 40

blood pressure that is below normal (less than 90/60 mm Hg in adults under the age of 60)

Question 41

murmur

Answer 41

unusual sound heard during auscultation of the heart caused by turbulent blood flow; might not indicate disease, or it may reflect disease or malformation, such as an abnormal heart valve

Question 42

occlusion

Answer 42

closing or blockage of a blood vessel or hollow organ