CH 5

Question 1

What ethical standards most often guide nursing practice?

Answer 1

ANA : American Nurses Association code of ethics

Question 2

What is the Belmont report?

Answer 2

a model for many guidelines adopted by disciplinary organizations in the US

Question 3

What is an ethical dilemma?

Answer 3

when two outcomes of a situation both have the potential to violate ethical principles and both may have merit

Question 4

What is beneficence?

How is it viewed from a research stand point?

Answer 4

• the duty to maximize benefit and do good

- from a research perspective the study should try to improve something for the participants or others

Question 5

How does self determination and full disclosure related to respect for human dignity in research?

Answer 5

• respect for human dignity : all harm should be negated to participants in a study
• self determination : have the right to decide to participate in the study or not, this includes dropping out of a study without prejudice
• full disclosure : participant is fully informed of the studies purpose, the right to refuse, and right to drop out

Question 6

How does the principle of justice relate to research?

How is fair treatment included into justice?

Answer 6

accounts for the subjects right to privacy and fair treatment
- fair treatment : the participants are to selected based on vulnerability, and that there is diversity w/I the study

Question 7

If a researcher were to share a participants personal information including specific identifiers, what would they be violating?

Answer 7

HIPAA

Question 8

What is the difference between informed consent and implied consent?

Answer 8

• informed consent : participants have to be properly informed of the study, demonstrate understanding of risks, and have the ability to agree to participate
• implied consent : the individual completes an action on their own accord

Question 9

A person decides to participate in a survey by taking the questionnaire filling it out and turning it back in. Is this implied or informed consent?

Answer 9

• implied : anonymity and confidentiality must be respected

Question 10

How can the researcher maintain anonymity?

If identifying information is needed by the researcher what must be established?

Answer 10

• maintain anonymity by removing identifying information

- if the researcher needs identifying information confidentiality must be established

Question 11

When does debriefing (with participants) occur during research?

Answer 11

after data collection - allows participants to ask questions or share concerns

Question 12

If a participant needs a referral to a particular service who should facilitate that?

Answer 12

the researcher

Question 13

Who is allowed to provide their own consent?

Answer 13

people over the age of 18yo and are neurologically intact

- if a child is over 7 yo you should also ask them along with the parent who provided the legal consent

Question 14

What is minimal risk?

Answer 14

risk expected to be no greater than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during routine procedures

Question 15

What things should be considered when evaluating risk?

Answer 15

• physical harm
• physical discomfort
• emotional distress
• social risk
• loss of privacy
• loss of time
• monetary costs

Question 16

What is the researcher priority when asking inmates to participate in a study?

Answer 16

• that they have the right to not participate without negative consequences

Question 17

Why is ensuring minimal risk for terminal ill pts participating in a study. particularly important?

Answer 17

• they are not likely to have benefits from the outcomes

Question 18

If a researcher wants to seek outside ethical approval for a study what board is most commonly used?
By doing this it ensures that __

Answer 18

• institutional review board

- ensures that the researcher bias does not influence the ethics of the study