CH 11 - Exam 2 Flashcards
___ studies use an emergent design that evolves as researchers make ___ decisions about their data based on what they have ___ ___.
- qualitative
- ongoing
- already learned
What are the general characteristics of a qualitative study? (5)
- being flexible
- triangulating various data collection strategies
- tends to be holistic
- takes a lot of time from researcher
- ongoing data analysis that may alter design / plan
Is a qualitative study alone considered experimental?
No –> non experimental
When might a qualitative study be considered experimental?
when it is part of a larger quantitive study
T/F : control and blinding are used in the majority of qualitative studies.
False –> most often do not utilize a control/comparison group
Qualitative studies focus on ___ ___ (think location).
naturalistic setting
Do qualitative studies more often happen at several different sites or 1 fixed location?
variety of different sites
What is one similarity between quantitative and qualitative studies?
time frame : can be cross sectional or longitudinal
Qualitative studies are able to reveal ___ ___ or ___ ___ that can be studied in a systematic fashion with more controlled methods
- potential patterns
- casual relationships
Ethnography involves the description and interpretation of what?
culture and cultural behavior
___ can refer to any group that has a similar trait
culture
___ is the process by which the ethnographer comes to understand a culture.
Describe the time frame for this
- fieldwork
- can take a long time as the researcher becomes involved with the group
___ ___ refers to the way a culture regards THEIR world, AKA ___ ___.
- emic perspective (MI = ME)
- insider view (mI –> Inside)
___ ___ is the outsiders perspective of the cultures experience
Etic perspective
Ethnographers seek what 3 types of information?
- cultural Artifacts
- cultural Behavior
- cultural Speech
(Art is BullShit)
What is participant observation?
What additional resource may be needed during this?
- When the researchers makes observations while participating in an activity
- someone who is familiar with the culture to interpret the activity –> informant
Ethnonursing research is the study and analysis of the local / indigenous people’s ___ ___ and ___ about nursing care __ and ___ of a designated culture.
- viewpoints
- beliefs
- practices
- behavior
- processes
Phenomenology seeks to understand …
people’s everyday life experiences
Do sample sizes of phenomenological studies tend to be large or small?
They tend to involve what with who?
- small
- in-depth conversations with individuals
“Bracketing is the process of identify and holding in abeyance preconceived beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon understudy” is what step in descriptive phenomenology?
–> simply stated as …
What might be used to help this?
- 1st
- begin study with an open mind
- reflective journal to help maintain an open mind
“Intuiting is remaining open to the meaning attributed to a phenomenon by those who have experienced it” is what step in descriptive phenomenology?
2nd
“Analysis involved extracting significant statements, categorizing and making sense of essential meaning” is what step in descriptive phenomenology?
3rd
“describing involves understanding and defining the phenomenon” is what step in descriptive phenomenology?
4th
Interpretive phenomenology focuses on interpreting and understanding the ___ ___.
human experience
___ is the art and philosophy and interpreting the meaning of an object such as test or work.
hermeneutics
who is the founder of interpretive phenomenology?
Heidegger
T/F : bracketing does not occur with interpretive phenomenology?
ture
What is the primary focus of data collection for interpretive phenomenological studies?
What other sources might be used?
- in-depth interviews
- novels or poetry : may be during the conversations or after with analysis
4 words commonly used in descriptive studies
- bracketing
- description
- essence
- hussarl
The names : Colaizzi, Van Kaam or Giorgi may be mentioned in what type of study
descriptive
4 words/phrases commonly used in interpretive studies
- being in the world
- hermeneutics
- understand
- Heidegger
The names : Manen or Banner may appear in the methods section of what type of study?
interpretive
Glaser and Strauss developed ___ ___ whose theoretical roots were in ___ ___ which focus on the manner in which people make sense of ___ interactions
- grounded theory
- symbolic interaction
- social
___ is geared towards resolving a main problem and is AKA as a ___ ___
- behavior
- core variable
The ___ ___ process is one type of core variable which explain the process of ___ the problem
- basic social
- resolving
T/F : data collection, data analysis, and sampling of participants occur simultaneously in grounded theory.
True
___ ___ is used to develop and refine theoretically relevant concepts and categories
constant comparison
constant comparison is used to develop and refine…
theoretically revenant concepts and theories
The concepts obtained from data are compared with __ __ to identify ___ and ___
- earlier data
- commonalities
- variations
What is the normal sample size for grounded theory?
How is data usually collected? (2)
- 20-30
- in-depth interviews, participant observation
Strauss and Corbin developed an alternative theory that focuses on the ___ ___ of ___ of what is occurring
- full range
- behavior
___ ___ is the systematic collection and critical evaluation of data relating to past occurrences - retrospective review of old stuff
historical research
Case studies focus on an ___ which can be individual, an institution, or other social unit
entity
The entity of a case study is the center stage and the study does an ___ expiration
in-depth
Case Studies :
- provide lots or little info?
- time ?
- can have bias ?
- able to be generalizable?
- provide lots of info
- take lots of time
- yes - can have bias
- not generalizable
___ ___ focus on the STORY that can be used to explain specific events and link with 2 things?
- narrative assays
- inner world of needs to external world of observable actions –> inner needs to external actions
If a study identifies itself as qualitative but does not fit a particular design it should be considered?
descriptive
critical theory leads to ___ ___ which focusing on ___ consciousness in the hope of effecting ___ change with the goal of undermining ___ systems
- critical ethnography
- raising
- social
- oppressive
Feminist research is similar to __ __ with a focus on ___ ___ within ___ societies
- critical theory
- gender discrimination
- patriarchal
Participatory action research moths with ___ groups to produce what 4 things?
- vulnerable
- knowledge about a problem, actions to be taken, empowerment, and consciousness raising
