CH 4

Question 1

T/F : some journals have restrictions (ex: formatting / page limit) that may make sore research hard to read

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What part of an article is a brief description of the study and should be used to help filter articles?

Answer 2

the abstract

Question 3

Research studies generally follow the IMRAD format, what are the components of this?

Answer 3

• intro
• methods
• results
• discussion

Question 4

What part of the article identifies the central concepts/phenomena, variables, purpose, question, hypothesis, theoretical or conceptual frame work and possibly a literature review

Answer 4

• introduction : what is being studied, what is expected, what does previous literature suggest, why is the study necessary

Question 5

What is included in the methods section?

Answer 5

• research design : may use more than one
• sampling plan : who was chosen for study and relevant info
• measuring variables and data collection : what data, what they are using to collect the data, and how often
• study procedures : describe the details of the study (ie time frame)
• data analysis : how the data will be analyzed

Question 6

Why is statistical significance important?
What value is considered significant?
Are descriptive statistics reliable?

Answer 6

• statical significance represents the likelihood of the results being replicated in a new sample
• significant = p less than or equal to 0.05
• descriptive spastics are not reliable

Question 7

What are identified in the results section of a qualitative study?

Answer 7

• themes or categories

Question 8

In what part of a research article are the interpretation of results, clinical and research implications, and study limitations and ramifications for the believability of the results located?

Answer 8

• the discussion section

Question 9

The assessment of what 3 things determines the quality or merit of a scientific study?

Answer 9

• reliability
• validity
• trustworthiness

Question 10

What is reliability?

Answer 10

• the accuracy and consistency of information obtained from a study
• if the tool used to collect the data was reliable it will produce similar results under the same circumstances

Question 11

What is validity?

Answer 11

• determine if the methods are appropriate to study the outcome
• if the intervention is truly correlated to the result - impact of extraneous factors

Question 12

If a researcher wanted to study pulmonary status which would be more valid, evaluation of RR or O2 sat?

Answer 12

• O2 sat b/c RR can be affected by many other factors (stress pain etc)

Question 13

What is trustworthiness?

Answer 13

• qualitative studies
• credibility, transferability, confirmability, dependability, and authenticity
• triangulation is the primary method to assess this

Question 14

What is bias?

Answer 14

a distortion or influence the results in error of inference / conclusion drawn from the study

Question 15

How is biased reduced in qualitative studies?

Answer 15

• triangulation
• reflexivity : reflect critically on self and keep personal values in check
• use multiple methods to collect data

Question 16

How is biased reduced in quantitative studies?

Answer 16

• randomness : assigning indv to the intervention by chance
• blind : the participant do not know if they received the intervention
• double blind : the participants and the researchers do not know who received the intervention

Question 17

What are cofounding variables?

How do researcher account for cofounding variables?

Answer 17

• extraneous variables that could influence the outcome
• should discuss variables and try to keep them constant –> not necessarily everything the same but that there is enough randomness that it will lessen the effects seen in the outcome

Question 18

What type of study is considered generalizable?

Answer 18

• quantitative that is valid reliable and unbiased

Question 19

What type of study is transferable?

Answer 19

non-biased qualitative study