CH 18 - Exam 2

Question 1

A systematic review ___ research evidence about a ___ ___ ___ using careful __ and data collection procedures that are ____. In other words…

Answer 1

• integrates
• specific research question
• sampling
• predetermined
• -> in other words integrated research from multiple sources

Question 2

What is the most known place systematic reviews can be found?

Answer 2

Cochrane collaboration

Question 3

A systematic review of quantitive studies =

Answer 3

meta-analysis

Question 4

A systemic review of a qualitative study =

Answer 4

meta - synthesis

Question 5

A meta analysis uses findings from multiple qualitative studies to calculate an ___ ___

Answer 5

effect size

Question 6

What is the purpose of the effect size

Answer 6

to determine the relationship b/t variables across multiple studies

Question 7

What are 2 advantages of a meta analysis

Answer 7

• findings are objective and supported by statistics

- power or ability to detect a true relationship is increased

Question 8

T/F : meta analysis can only have articles that support the same findings

Answer 8

F : a meta analysis can still support a real relationship b/t two variables if some studies have conflicting results

Question 9

What are 2 situations where a meta analysis is appropriate

Answer 9

• the research question for each study describes needs to be near identical
• there need to be enough strong studies to merit its use

Question 10

What is a meta analysis not appropriate

Answer 10

if strong studies of the same type provide conflicting evidence

Question 11

What are the 7 steps in a meta analysis

Answer 11

• problem formulation
• design
• literature search
• evaluations of study quality
• extraction and encoding of data
• calculation of effect
  data analysis

Question 12

The question for a meta analysis should be ___ or ___

Answer 12

narrowed or focused

Question 13

The design for a meta analysis should sample ___ ___ that address the focus research question

Answer 13

primary studies

Question 14

Which step of a meta analysis clearly states what types of studies will be allowed or excluded

Answer 14

design

Question 15

___ __ is a factor assess to determine if a meta analysis is appropriate

Answer 15

statistical heterogeneity

Question 16

What does statistical heterogeneity look for

Answer 16

if results are conflicting b/t different studies for the same research question

Question 17

In the literature there is a risk for ___ ___

Answer 17

publication bias

Question 18

What is publication bias

Answer 18

the tendency for published studied to systematically overrepresent statistically significant findings

Question 19

___ literature refers to studies that have not been published or were rejected by publishers

Answer 19

grey

Question 20

___ ___ can vary in approach but need to be done by multiple researchers to agree on all ratings of quality

Answer 20

quality assessments

Question 21

The ___ __ is a measure of how effective the independent variable is in causing an outcome

Answer 21

effect size

Question 22

What are the three methods for calculating effect, and what types of studies are they used for?

Answer 22

• cohen’s d : quantitative study with numerical scale results
• Odds ratio / relative risk : where outcomes are dichotomies
• Pearson’s r : nonexpiremental studies

Question 23

Once the effect sizes are calculated the results can then be presented on a ___ __ to see the effect for each study

Answer 23

forest plot

Question 24

A forest plot can determine if a meta-analysis is ___ based on the calculated __ __

Answer 24

• appropriate

- effect size

Question 25

What are the 5 steps in a meta synthesis

Answer 25

• problem formulation
• design
• literature review
• study quantity
• data analysis

Question 26

Is a meta synthesis a literature review?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

Is the research question for a meta synthesis more or less focus than that of a meta analysis

Answer 27

less

Question 28

Meta syntheses will involve one or more researchers who often were involved in the ___ ___

Answer 28

primary studies

Question 29

Why might researchers prefer to look outside peer-reviewed journals for a meta synthesis

Answer 29

page limits by publishers

Question 30

A ___, while not peer reviewed or published, does not have a page limit and can contain all of the information obtained through data collection

Answer 30

dissertation

Question 31

Why might a literature review be less involved in a meta synthesis

Answer 31

difficulty locating qualitative studies

Question 32

Some meta syntheses will assess ___ ___ while others will not use it for inclusion data

Answer 32

study quality

Question 33

A data meta syntheses record from each article will include what 6 things

Answer 33

• year
• sample
• methodology
• key themes
• metaphors
• categories

Question 34

Is data analysis in a meta synthesis more or less defined than a meta analysis

Answer 34

less