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Biology II > ch. 45 part 2 > Flashcards

ch. 45 part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

how does one hormone have different effects on target cells

A
  1. different receptors for hormone
  2. different signal transduction pathways
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2
Q

ex. of one hormone with multiple effects

A

epinephrine and fight/flight response

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3
Q

endocrine glands

A

endocrine cells grouped in ductless organs

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4
Q

ex. of endocrine glands

A
  • thyroid/parathyroid glands
  • testes/ovaries
  • pituitary
  • pineal
  • stomach/small intestine
  • adipose tissue
  • pancreas
  • adrenal glands
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5
Q

simple endocrine pathway of hormones

A
  • released from endocrine cells
  • travel through bloodstream
  • interact with specific receptors
  • cause physiological response
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6
Q

release of secretin

A
  • release of acidic contents from stomach into duodenum stimulates secretin release
  • target cells in pancreas raise pH in duodenum
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7
Q

simple neuroendocrine pathway

A
  • stimulus received by sensory neuron
  • then stimulates neurosecretory cell
  • secretes neurohormone
  • enters blood stream and travels to target cells
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8
Q

suckling of an infant

A
  • stimulates signals in nervous system that reach hypothalamus
  • hypothalamus triggers release of oxytocin from posterior pituitary
  • mammary glands secrete milk
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9
Q

negative feedback loop

A

inhibits response by reducing the initial stimulus
- prevents excessive pathway activity

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10
Q

positive feedback

A

reinforces stimulus to produce even greater response

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11
Q

ex. of positive feedback

A

oxytocin in mammals causes release of milk, which causes greater suckling, which stimulates release of more oxytocin

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12
Q

endocrine pathway that controls molting of larva in invertebrates

A
  • originates in larval brain, where neurosecretory cells produce PTTH
  • in prothoracic gland, PTTH directs release of ecdysteroid
  • bursts of ecdysteroid trigger each successive molt and metamorphosis
  • metamorphosis not triggered until level of JH (juvenile hormone) drops
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13
Q

where is prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) stored

A

corpora cardiaca

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14
Q

what does PTTH stimulate the release of in the prothoracic gland

A

20-hydroxy-ecdysone in pulses
- triggers molting

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15
Q

hypothalamus function

A

coordinates endocrine signaling

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16
Q

where does the hypothalamus receive information from

A

the nerves throughout the body
- initiates appropriate neuroendocrine signals

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17
Q

what is at the base of the hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

18
Q

2 lobes of the pituitary

A

anterior and posterior

19
Q

posterior pituitary

A

stores and secretes hormones made in the hypothalamus

20
Q

anterior pituitary

A

makes and releases hormones under regulation of the hypothalamus

21
Q

what synthesize the 2 posterior pituitary hormones

A

neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus

22
Q

2 hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary

A
  1. antidiuretic hormone
  2. oxytocin
23
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

regulates water loss

24
Q

oxytocin

A

regulates milk secretion by the mammary glands

25
Q

target of ADH

A

kidney tubules

26
Q

target of oxytocin

A

mammary glands, uterine muscles

27
Q

anterior pituitary hormone overall function

A

diverse processes such as metabolism, osmoregulation, and reproduction

28
Q

what do hormones secreted by the hypothalamus control

A

release of all anterior pituitary hormones

29
Q

where is prolactin-releasing hormone secreted from

A

hypothalamus

30
Q

what does release of prolactin-releasing hormone stimulate

A

anterior pituitary to secrete prolactin

31
Q

prolactin (PRL)

A

role in milk production

32
Q

hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary

A
  • FSH/LH
  • TSH
  • ACTH
  • prolactin
  • MSH
  • GH
33
Q

targets of FSH and LH

A

testes or ovaries

34
Q

targets of TSH

A

thyroid

35
Q

targets of ACTH

A

adrenal cortex

36
Q

targets of prolactin

A

mammary glands

37
Q

targets of MSH

A

melanocytes

38
Q

targets of GH

A

liver, bones, other tissues

39
Q

tropic effect

A

stimulates other glands

40
Q

trophic

A

affects growth

41
Q

what are sets of hormones from the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and a target endocrine gland often organized into

A

hormone cascade

42
Q
A

Biology II (43 decks)

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