ch. 29 Flashcards
alternation of generations
alternating between 2 multicellular generations
gametophyte
- haploid
- produces gametes by mitosis
sporophyte
- diploid resulting from fusion of sperm/egg
- produces haploid spores by meiosis
spore give rise to…
gametophyte
alteration of generation cycle
sporophyte - (meiosis) - spores - (mitosis) - gametophyte - (mitosis) - gametes - (fusion) - zygote - (mitosis) - sporophyte
haploos
simple/single
mitus
warp thread
diplous
diploid
stoma
mouth
phyte
plant
gamet
gametes
sperm
seed
bryo
moss
lyco
wolf
gymn
naked
rrhizae
root
angio
receptacle
hept
liver
phyll
leaf
cero
waxy
antho
flower
myco
fungus
merizein
to divide
are ferns sporophyte or gametophyte dominant
sporophyte - seedless vascular
- fern = sporophyte
- gametophyte underground
meristematic tissues
repeated cell division which sustains growth
2 types of meristematic tissues
shoot apical
root apical
cuticle
waxy covering of epidermis
- keeps water from evaporating
stomata
specialized cells that allow for gas exchange between air/plant
- surrounded by guard cells
mycorrhizae
fungus/plant (root) interactions
- bacteria and fungi needed for nutrients
2 types of mesophyll
palisade and spongy parenchyma
xylem
transports water up tree
phloem
bidirectional, photosynthetic products transported where needed
nonvascular (bryophytes) phylums
- hepatophyta - liverwort
- bryophyta - mosses
- anthocerophyta - hornworts
monile
necklace
conifer
cone bearing
Magnolia
French botanist
vascular seedless phylum
- lycopodiophyta - lycophytes (club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts)
- monilophyta - ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns
seed vascular phylum
- coniferophyta - gymnosperms
- magnioliophyta - angiosperms
dominant generation in nonvascular plants
gametophyte
vascular tissue
cells joined into tubes for transport of water and nutrients
clades
groupings of common structure from common ancestor
- from vascular plants
grade
grouped together by key features, no common ancestry
seed
embryo and nutrients surrounded by protective coat
- seed plants form clade that can be further divided into more clades
gymnosperms
seeds no enclosed in chambers
angiosperms
seeds develop inside chambers that originate within flowers
fruit =
ovary (receptacle)
endosperm
- food for developing embryo
- triploid
- created by double fertilization
cotyledon
“seed-leaf”
dominant generation in vascular plants
sporophyte
vascular plant characteristics
- sporophyte dom gen
- well-developed roots/leaves
- xylem and phloem
- sporangium
sporangium
vessel-containing spores
- produces spores
xylem
- conducts most of water and minerals
- includes tube-shaped cells called tracheids
- water-conducting cells strengthened by lignin and provide
phloem
- cells arranged in tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and organic products
what allows for increased height
vascular tissues
roots
organs that anchor vascular plants
- enable absorption of water, nutrients, and oxygen for soil
leaves
organs that increase surface area of vascular plants to capture more solar energy for photosynthesis