Ch 4 - Sensation & Perception

Question 1

Light Wavelength =

Answer 1

distance between peaks. Affects color

Question 2

Light Amplitude =

Answer 2

height, affects brightness

Question 3

Ultraviolet =

Answer 3

shorter wavelengths

Question 4

Infrared =

Answer 4

longer wavelengths

Question 5

T or F?

There’s no room for interpretation of color.

Answer 5

False. Color is a psychological interpretation. Hence we use how colors “appear”.

Question 6

Insects and birds can see ________

Answer 6

Ultraviolet waves

Question 7

Fish & reptiles can see ________

Answer 7

Infrared wavelengths

Question 8

Functions of the eye:

Answer 8

1) House tissue that receives light

2) Channel light toward the retina

Question 9

Nearsightedness =

Answer 9

close objects are clear, distant objects are blurry

Question 10

Farsightedness =

Answer 10

distant objects are clear, close objects are blurry

Question 11

Color Blindness/Deficiency - Typically between _______

Answer 11

reds and greens

Question 12

Functions of The Retina

Answer 12

1) Absorbs light
2) Processes Images
3) Sends visual information to the brain

Question 13

Optic Disk =

Answer 13

optic nerve connections/ blind spot

Question 14

Types of Photoreceptors:

Answer 14

rods & cones

Question 15

Function of Rods and their location

Answer 15

night or low light vision (located in periphery)

Question 16

Function of Cones and their location

Answer 16

daylight and color vision (cones are in the center) Highlighter ex: in class

Question 17

Visual input is processed by ________

Answer 17

the brain

Question 18

Optic Chiasm =

Answer 18

x-shaped structure

Question 19

Who discovered feature detectors?

Answer 19

Hubel & Weisel (1960’s)

Question 20

Feature detectors =

Answer 20

neurons that respond selectively to lines edges, etc.

Question 21

Reversible Figure =

Answer 21

drawing with two different interpretations

Question 22

Perceptual Set =

Answer 22

expectation to see something based on experience

Educated guesses that we make while interpreting sensory information to generate a perceptual set

Question 23

Inattentional Blindness =

Answer 23

failure to see unexpected events or objects because focus is elsewhere

Class example: focusing on white shirts passing basketball - gorilla goes unnoticed

Question 24

Results of Inattentional Blindness

Answer 24

Visual limitations
Attention limitations
Real world consequences

Question 25

Change blindness =

Answer 25

change in visual stimulus is unnoticed

Class example of continuity in a film: Actors’ shirt color changes. Plate has food in one shot and not in the next etc (all this goes unnoticed)

Question 26

Gestalt Principles =

Answer 26

whole is more than sum of its parts
(figure & ground)

• proximity
• closure
• similarity
• simplicity
• continuity

Question 27

Perceptual hypothesis =

Answer 27

inference about a form based on the pattern of sensory stimulation

Question 28

Sound Wavelength =

Answer 28

pitch (Hz)

Question 29

Sound Amplitude =

Answer 29

volume (db)

Question 30

Theories of Hearing

Answer 30

1) Place Theory
2) Frequency theory
3) Traveling wave theory

Question 31

Place theory =

Answer 31

vibrations along different places of basilar membrane

Question 32

Frequency theory =

Answer 32

rate of vibrations along basilar membrane

Question 33

Traveling wave theory =

Answer 33

waves peak at specific places depending on frequency (place & freq)

Question 34

5 primary tastes =

Learned and social processes

Answer 34

sweet, sour, biter, salty, umami (savory)

Question 35

Taste Buds

Answer 35

taste receptor cells

Question 36

Olfactory Cilia

Answer 36

smell receptor cells

Question 37

What is our largest organ?

Answer 37

Skin