12 - Social Behavior

Question 1

T or F?

We attribute positive characteristics to attractive people

Answer 1

True

• Although there is no correlation between attractiveness and personality traits.

Question 2

_______ contribute to broad generalizations of groups

and Lead to inaccurate representations.

Answer 2

Stereotypes

Question 3

Person perception is a subjective process

Answer 3

• Influenced by stereotypes and schemas

- Study of waitress vs. librarian

Question 4

Evolutionary perspectives:

Ingroups

Answer 4

group we belong to or identify with vs Outgroups (group we do not belong or identify with).

Question 5

T or F?

We favor our ingroups.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Problem with favoring our ingroups is

Answer 6

Less empathetic towards those in our outgroups

Question 7

Inferences (conclusions) people draw about own behavior, other’s behavior, and causes of events

Answer 7

Attributions

Question 8

Causes of behavior due to personal traits, abilities, and feelings

Answer 8

Internal attributions

Question 9

Causes of behavior due to situational demands and environmental constraints

Answer 9

External attributions

Question 10

(Bias in Attributions)

Explaining others’ behavior with internal attributions is referred to as

Answer 10

Fundamental attribution error

Question 11

Attributing own success to personal factors and failures to situational factors

Answer 11

Self-serving bias

Question 12

4 key factors that influence attraction

Answer 12

Similarity
Proximity
Familiarity
Reciprocity

Question 13

Proximity

Answer 13

a. Physical nearness

b. Functional distance - frequency for crossing paths with others

Question 14

Familiarity

Answer 14

a. Repeated exposure increases attraction

b. We tend to feel safe with familiar people

Question 15

Similarity

Answer 15

a. Research with married couples

b. Matching hypothesis - we like others with similar values, views, and equal attractiveness

Question 16

Reciprocity

Answer 16

a. We are more likely to like someone if they feel the same way toward us.
b. Importance of give and take.

Question 17

Love & the Internet

Answer 17

1) Provide access to people interested in dating
2) Reduce issues of proximity
3) Medium for communication
4) Matching strategies

Question 18

• Participants placed in dark room and asked to estimate how far a light moves in inches
• First alone, then with other participants

Answer 18

Sherif (1930’s) Conformity Study

Question 19

Sherif Study Results

Answer 19

Over time, participants began to conform to each other

Question 20

Group size affects conformity by:

Answer 20

Large groups increase conformity

Question 21

Group unanimity affects conformity by:

Answer 21

Everyone agreeing increases conformity (note that if one person does not go along with the group, subjects less likely to conform to group.)

Question 22

T or F?

Teenagers conform more than adults

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Going along with others because we care what people think of us

Answer 23

Normative influence

Question 24

Using others as a source of information and following them

Answer 24

Informational influence

Question 25

Obedience study in 1960’s

Answer 25

Milgram Obedience Studies

Participant was to electrically shock the learner

Question 26

Milgram Obedience Studies

Participant = ______

Answer 26

teacher (administered shock)

Question 27

Milgram Obedience Studies

Confederate = _________.

Answer 27

learner (received shock)

Question 28

What percent of the men administered all levels of shock in the Milgram obedience studies?

Answer 28

65%

Question 29

T or F?

Less obedient if learner was in same room

Answer 29

True

from 65% to 10%

Question 30

T or F?

Compliance in Milgram Obedience Study was the same for women and men

Answer 30

True

Question 31

study w/ 24 college students

prisoner vs. guard roles

Answer 31

Zimbardo Stanford Prison Simulation

Question 32

What happened in Stanford Prison Simulation

Answer 32

Guards were abusive

Question 33

What were the reasons for the guards behavior during the Stanford Prison Simulation?

Answer 33

1) Influence of social roles

2) Power of situation

Question 34

Milgram and Zimbardo Studies lead to a change in what 2 things?

Answer 34

• Ethical treatment of research participants

- Regulations for research with human participants were revised and reformed nationally

Question 35

2 or more people acting in a particular way

Answer 35

Behavior in Groups

Question 36

Kitty Genovese

Answer 36

“The Witness” documentary (2015)

Question 37

people are less likely to help when in a group than when alone

Answer 37

Bystander effect

Question 38

when responsibility is divided among many people, everyone things someone else will help

Answer 38

diffusion of responsibility

Question 39

Individuals high in ________ are more likely to help.

Answer 39

agreeableness