14 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards
How many people have psychological disorders?
1 in 4
_____ _____ views abnormal behavior as a disease.
Medical model
To be diagnosed with abnormal behavior how many criteria needs to be met?
Only one criteria needs to be met.
Abnormal Behavior diagnoses involves _____ _____.
value judgments
3 Criteria of Abnormal behavior
1) Deviance
2) Personal Distress
3) Maladaptive Behavior
Deviance
Does it violate or deviate from social norms?
Personal Distress
person must report distress and suffering
Maladaptive Behavior
anything that significantly impairs every day functioning
Axis I (classification)
Clinical Syndromes
Axis II (classification)
Personality Disorders or Intellectual Disability
Axis III (classification)
General Medical Conditions
Axis IV (classification)
Psychosocial & Environmental Problems
Axis V (classification)
Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale
Anxiety Disorders
Feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety (negative mood state)
Is it normal or abnormal?
- Level
- Justification
- Consequences
What disorder is this?
No specific Threat
“Free-floating anxiety”
Experience physical symptoms, difficulties with sleeping or concentrating
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
What disorder is this?
Recurring attacks of overwhelming anxiety
Develops agoraphobia (fear of places or situation that may cause panic)
Panic Disorder
What disorder is this?
irrational fear of specific object or situation
Specific Phobia
must substantially interfere with daily ability to function
Blood Situational Heights Animal Other
5 main categories of phobias
What disorder is this?
Extreme fear and anxiety associated with social situations that causes avoidance and great distress.
Social Anxiety Disorder
7 % of population
requires treatment
progress can be made
What disorder is this?
Experience with major traumatic event
Most common traumas include combat and sexual assault
Experiences flashbacks
Sensitive to internal and external cues
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsessions = unwanted thoughts
Compulsions = senseless rituals that are repetitive or excessive
List of Common Compulsions:
Checking Washing Need to ask or confess Symmetry and precision Counting Hoarding Multiple
Contributing factors in Anxiety Disorders
Biological factors - abnormalities in neurotransmitters
Conditioning and learning
Cognitive factors - thinking styles
Stress
disorders that are psychological in origin with physical symptoms are called ______
somatoform disorders
Somatic symptom disorder
diverse physical complaints
Conversion Disorder
- Significant loss of physical function in single organ system
- “Craft palsies” - symptoms related to activity or occupation
Hypochondriasis
Excessive worrying about health
Associating physical symptoms with serious illness
(Contributor to somatoform disorders)
Cognitive factors
excessive focus on physiological processes
(Contributor to somatoform disorders)
Personality factors
higher on neuroticism trait
(Contributor to somatoform disorders)
The sick role
People using “sickness” as an excuse to avoid things
OR to get attention
3 Contributors to somatoform disorders
1) Cognitive factors
2) Personality factors
3) The sick role
Dissociative amnesia
Sudden loss of memory
- single event or period of time
Dissociative fugue
Loss of memory for entire lives
Dissociative identity disorder
Multiple personalities
co-existence of 2 or more completely different personalities
Emotional disturbances that are episodic
Mood Disorders
major depressive disorder
profound sadness
feeling empty, hopeless
trouble sleeping
increased appetite/weight gain
more common for women
Bipolar disorder
- manic episodes and depression
- Age of onset is late teens or early adulthood
equal b/w men and women
Contributing factors of Mood Disorders
Genetic vulnerability Neurochemical factors Cognitive factors Interpersonal factors Precipitating stress
T or F?
Schizophrenia disorders are the most popular type of disorder
False
Only about 2% of population
T or F?
Schizophrenia is a young person’s disorder
True
T or F?
Rate of recovery for Schizophrenia depends on quality of care and treatment
True
General symptoms of ________
Delusions and irrational thought
Deterioration of adaptive behavior
Distorted perception
Disturbed emotion
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia means _____
“split mind”
not to be confused with dissociative disorders
Four subtypes of Schizophrenia
- Paranoid type (dominated by delusions of persecution or granjour)
- Catatonic type (very rigid to very random motor activity)
- Disorganized type (incoherent, emotionally indifferent, centered on bodily processes)
- Undifferentiated type ( can’t be put into aforementioned categories - mixture of other categories)
Subtype of schizophrenia dominated by delusions of persecution or grandeur
Paranoid type
Subtype of schizophrenia very rigid to very random motor activity
Catatonic type
Subtype of schizophrenia incoherent, emotionally indifferent, centered on bodily processes)
Disorganized type
Subtype of schizophrenia that can’t be put into aforementioned categories - mixture of other categories
Undifferentiated type
T or F?
Schizophrenia is driven by more than 100 genes
True
108 genes that regulate dopamine
Biological Factors of Schizophrenia
Enlarged:
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
3rd and 4th ventricle
Review prenatal biological factors slide
Okay… done :-)
T or F?
Viral infections increase vulnerability to schizophrenia
True
Environmental Factors of Schizophrenia
Parental communication deviance —->
Poor sense of reality —–> Withdrawal into personal world —–> Schizophrenic thinking
Environmental Factors of Schizophrenia (def on test)
highly critical or emotionally involved attitudes in patient’s family predicts course of illness
Expressed Emotion
Environmental Factors of Schizophrenia (def on test)
highly critical or emotionally involved attitudes in patient’s family predicts course of illness
Expressed Emotion
Stress Vulnerability Models
Review slide
Got it!
T or F?
Intersection of high stress and high vulnerability lead to onset of schizophrenic disorder
True
Relativistic view
Mental illness varies greatly across cultures
Universalistic or pancultural view
Mental illness is the same around the world
