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Psych 112 > 09 - Motivation & Emotion > Flashcards

09 - Motivation & Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

Internal motivation is based on maintaining homeostasis (internal state where we want equilibrium. ex body temp) biological reasons.

This is referred to as:

A

Drive Theories

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2
Q

External motivation. Regulated by external stimuli
(exists outside the organism)

This is referred to as:

A

Incentive Theories

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3
Q

What are examples of Biological Motives?

Specifically the 2 that we’re focusing on in this class?

A

*Hunger
*Sex
Temperature
Thirst
Excretion
Sleep
Activity
Aggression

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4
Q

What are examples of Social Motives?

Specifically the 1 that we’re focusing on in this class?

A 
*Achievement
Affiliation
Dominance
Nurturance
Exhibition
Order
Autonomy
Play
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5
Q

What causes hunger?

A

Hypothalamus
Glucose and Digestive Regulation
Hormonal Regulation

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6
Q

blood sugar goes down, hunger goes up

A

Glucose and Digestive Regulation

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7
Q

insulin (increases hunger) and leptin (inhibits appetite)

A

Hormonal Regulation

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8
Q

3 Environmental Factors of Hunger

A

Food availability and related cues
Learned preferences and habits
Stress

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9
Q

3 Food availability and related cues

A

1) Palatability
2) Quantity
3) Variety

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10
Q

2 ways Learned preferences and habits inform hunger

A

1) Classical conditioning

2) Observational Learning

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11
Q

Biologist who studied 18,000 people that focused on the frequency of sexual behaviors of men vs. women

A

Alfred Kinsey

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12
Q

William Masters & Virginia Johnson (1960’s) conducted groundbreaking research concerning ______.

A

Human sexual Response

They Monitored volunteers engaged in sexual activity with physiological recording devices

excitement
plateau
orgasm
resolution

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13
Q

(Evolutionary Analysis) Parental Investment Theory:

Biological Reality for men

A

Reproduction involves minimal investment of time, energy and risk

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14
Q

(Evolutionary Analysis) Parental Investment Theory:

Evolutionary Significance for men

Maximize reproductive success by seeking

A

more sexual partners with high reproductive potential

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15
Q

(Evolutionary Analysis) Parental Investment Theory:

Behavioral Outcomes for men

A

More interest in uncommitted sex; greater number of sex partners over lifetime; look for youth and attractiveness

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16
Q

Gender Differences in Sexual Activity

What are the studies and results?

A

Buss and Schmitt (1993)

- Men desired 18 partners
- Women desired 5 partners

Clark & Hatfield (1989)

 - Average-looking man approaches females (0% of women agreed to have sex)
 - Average-looking woman approaches males (75% of men agreed to have sex)
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17
Q

Who/what study did?

Bisexual woman approached by a male or female
Being approached by best friend of opposite sex
Attractive celebrity versus unattractive celebrity

A

Conley (2011) Studies on Casual Sex

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18
Q

Mate Preferences

A

Women prefer men who have resources

Men prefer women who are young and healthy

Other factors involved in mate selection

More research is needed

19
Q

sexual orientation is defined as:

A

one’s sexual attractions toward another

20
Q

What is the.Kinsey Continuum

A

Sliding scale from 0-6

exclusively heterosexual - exclusively homosexual

21
Q

TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

A

Test that measures achievement

22
Q

Achievement motive is ________.

A

the need to excel

23
Q

Affiliation Arousal

A

more concerned with their connection to others

24
Q

Achievement Arousal

A

more concerned with achievement

25
Q

What are four factors found within Achievement motive?

A

1) work harder and more persistently
2) delay gratification
3) pursue competitive careers
4) situational factors influence achievement
motives

26
Q

Interesting fact about emotions and language

A

over 550 words in English language to describe emotions

27
Q

3 components of emotions

A

1) Cognitive Component
2) Physiological Component = bodily (autonomic) arousal
3) Behavioral component

28
Q

What are 3 aspects of the Cognitive Component of emotions?

A

1) subjective conscious experience
2) expressed verbally
3) internal feelings that operate on their own

29
Q

What happens with the Physiological Component of emotions?

A

bodily autonomic arousal

30
Q 
Pupils dialated, Dry, far vision
Sweaty
Goose Bumps
Passages Dilated
Increased Rate
Blood Supply Maximum to Muscles,
Increased Adrenal Gland Activity, Inhibited Digestion

Physiological Component of emotion is a result of what?

A

sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

31
Q

The Behavioral component of emotions is:

A

Expressed through non-verbal behaviors

32
Q

Reasearchers discovered there are _____ fundamental emotions.

A

Six fundamental emotions

33
Q

Six fundamental emotions

A

happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise

34
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis

A

ex; if you smile, you will feel happier

35
Q

T or F?

there are no cross cultural similarities identifying facial expressions

A

False

36
Q

Emotional expressions facilitating specific behaviors from others is referred to as:

A

Interpersonal Functions of Emotion

37
Q

Examples of emotional expressions facilitate specific behaviors from others:

A

Influences of smiles and servers pouring more beverages

anger evokes fear or avoidant behavior in others

distress evokes sympathy

38
Q

T or F?

Emotional expressions provide incentives for desired social behavior

A

True

39
Q

What were the findings of the Visual cliff study with infants and their mothers?

A
  • no infants crossed the table if mother showed fear

- 75% crossed when mother showed interest or joy

40
Q

norms for regulating appropriate expression of emotion (that vary from culture to culture).

A

Cultural display rules

41
Q

(Evolutionary Analysis) Parental Investment Theory:

Biological Reality for women

A

Reproduction involves substantial investment of time, energy and risk

42
Q

(Evolutionary Analysis) Parental Investment Theory:

Evolutionary Significance for women

Maximize reproductive success by seeking partners

A

willing to invest material resources in their offspring

43
Q

(Evolutionary Analysis) Parental Investment Theory:

Behavioral Outcomes for women

A

Less interest in uncommitted sex; smaller number of sex partners over lifetime; look for income, status, and ambition in partners

Psych 112 (15 decks)

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