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z_A&P II: BIO426 > Ch 27: Male Reproduction > Flashcards

Ch 27: Male Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

Reproduction plays no role in homeostasis.

A

True

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2
Q

What male reproductive system is responsible for what 3 things?

A
  1. Production of gametes
  2. Delivery of gametes
  3. Secretion of hormones to support all functions
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3
Q

The male reproductive system is composed of…

A

primary and secondary sex organs.

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4
Q

What are the male primary sex organs and what are they responsible for?

A
  • Testes
  • Production of gametes
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5
Q

The secondary male sex organs are?

A

A sereis of ducts and tubes used for delviery of gametes.

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6
Q

What are the main parts of the male reproductive system?

A

STeSE VUPA

  • Scrotum
  • Testes
  • Seminiferous tubles
  • Epididymus
  • Vas (Ductus) derens
  • Urethra
  • Penis
  • Accessory organs
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7
Q

What are the chracteristics of the scrotum?

A
  • Outer covering of testes
  • Contains smooth muscles for contraction and relaxation
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8
Q

Why are the testicles housed externally?

A

Sperm production reuires a lower body temperature.

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9
Q

In what situation would the scrotal muscles contract? Why?

A
  • If it is cold outside the body.
  • To keep testes warm
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10
Q

In what situation would the scrotal muscles relax? Why?

A
  • When it is warmer outside
  • To keep the testes cooler
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11
Q

Testes are the site of…

A

sperm production

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12
Q

What are the two membranes that surround the teste?

A
  1. Tunica vaginalis
  2. Tunica albuginea
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Outer membrane layer of the teste, continuous with the peritoneum

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the tunica albuginea?

A

Fibrous capusle that penetrates testes and produces lobes

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15
Q

Testicular lobes are created by _____ with ______ coiled within each lobe.

A

tunica albugiea, seminerous tubules

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16
Q

Sperm cells are formed with the…

A

seminiferous tubules

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17
Q

What are Leydig’s cells?

A

Interstitial endocrine cells between seminal canals that produce testosterone.

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18
Q

What are the uses for testosterone in males?

A
  • It is an anabolic steroid
  • Development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate
  • Promotes secondary male characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair
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19
Q

True or False

Low testosterone does not cause infertility.

A

True

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20
Q

True or False

Sperm production is actually stimulated by hormones other than testosterone.

A

True

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21
Q

_____ is required for sperm production, but the level in the testes where sperm are produced is many times higher than in the blood.

A

Testosterone

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22
Q

Seminiferous tubules lead into the _____.

A

rete testis

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23
Q

What is the rete tesis?

A

A tubular network between the seminiferous tubules and the efferent ductules, which lead to the epididymus.

24
Q

What is the flow of sperm from creation to exit?

A
  • Seminiferous tubles, to
  • Rete testis, to
  • Efferent ductules, to
  • Epididymus, to
  • Vas deferens, to
  • Ampulla of vas deferens, through
  • Prostate, out the
  • Urethra
25
Q

What are the characteristics of the vas deferens?

A
  • Long tube that leads from testes back into the body
  • Runs along the vladder until it meets up with the urethra (at the prostate gland)
26
Q

What are the characteristics of the epididymus?

A
  • Site of maturation of sperm
  • Immature at head and mature as they make their way through the body to the tail of the epididymus
  • Matured sperm are stored in the tail of the epididymus
27
Q

Maturation of sperm as they travel through the epididymus takes…

A

20 days

28
Q

Sperm stored in the tail of the epididymus are viable for…

A

40-60 days

29
Q

What happens if sperm are not ejaculated?

A

They are reabsorbed back into the body.

30
Q

What are the characteristics of the urethra?

A
  • Long tube leading out of the body
  • Used for urinary and reproductive purposes
  • Carries both urine and semen out of body
  • Made of three parts
31
Q

What are the 3 parts of the urethra and where is each located?

A
  1. Prostate urethra; through and surrounded by prostate
  2. Membranous urethra; Urogenital diaphragm after prostate, controlling release of bladder
  3. Spongy urethra; runs through and to the exit of the penis
32
Q

What are the characteristics of the penis?

A
  • Copulatory organ
  • Delivers sperm
  • Muscular tube surrounding urethra
33
Q

What are the male reproductive accessory organs?

A
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Prostate gland
  • Bulbourethral gland
34
Q

What are the characteristics of the seminal vesicles?

A
  • Posterior and close to bladder
  • Secretes viscous alkaline fluid
  • Contains fructose, citric acid, prostaglandins
35
Q

What does the secretion from the seminal vescles do?

A

Its alkaline nature protects the semen agains the acidic vajayjay.

36
Q

What are the characteristics of the prostate gland?

A
  • Surrounds the urethra at base of bladder
  • Secretes citric acid and enzymes
  • 1/3 of volume of semen
37
Q

Purpose of bulbourethra gland?

A

To secrete mucous into seminal fluid for lubrication.

38
Q

What does semen consist of?

A
  • Sperm
  • Seminal vesicle, prostate and bulbourethral secretions
39
Q

What is an erection?

A
  • Hardening of the penis
  • Accomplished by dilation of major blood vessels in penis
40
Q

What role does nitricoxide have regarding erections.

A

It is a vasodilator that is secreted on arousal

41
Q

What are the charateristics of the ejaculatory process?

A
  • Semen reaches ejaculation duct
  • Impulse from sympathetic NS causes release
  • Release of semen through urethra
42
Q

What is spermatogensis and where does it occur?

A
  • Production of sperm cells
  • Seminiferous tubles
43
Q

The cells that start the begining of sperm creation are called.

A

Spermatagonia

44
Q

Spermatagonia are _____ and have _____ chromosomes.

A

diploid, 46

45
Q

Spermatagonia undergo _____ which produces more cells that undergo _____ to create more cells and other cells called _____ that will undergo _____.

A

mitosis, mitosis, primary spermacytes, meiosis

46
Q

Spermacytes that have undergone meiosis 1 are ____ and contain __ chromosomes.

A

haploid, 23

47
Q

Spermatocytes undergo _____ that ______ the amount of spermatocytes which are now called _____.

A

meiosis 2, doubles, spermatids

48
Q

Are spermatids diploid or haploid?

A

haploid

49
Q

In the epididymus, haploid _____ become _____, or mature sperm cells.

A

spermatids, spermatazoa

50
Q

Spermatazoa contain…

A
  • flagellum for motility
  • haploid nucleus
  • a lot of mitochondria to provide energy to get to ovum
  • acrosome on top of head
51
Q

What does the spermatazoa acrosome contain?

A

Digestive enzyme to penetrate egg cell membrane

52
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone is also known as…

A

FSH

53
Q

What is the purpose of FSH in males?

A

Triggers division of spermatagonia

(sperm production)

54
Q

Leutinizing Hormone is also known as…

A

LH

55
Q

What is the purpose of LH in males?

A

Trigers Leydig’s interstitial cells in between the seminiferous tubles to produce testosterone.

z_A&P II: BIO426 (31 decks)

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