Ch 27: Male Reproduction Flashcards
True or False
Reproduction plays no role in homeostasis.
True
What male reproductive system is responsible for what 3 things?
- Production of gametes
- Delivery of gametes
- Secretion of hormones to support all functions
The male reproductive system is composed of…
primary and secondary sex organs.
What are the male primary sex organs and what are they responsible for?
- Testes
- Production of gametes
The secondary male sex organs are?
A sereis of ducts and tubes used for delviery of gametes.
What are the main parts of the male reproductive system?
STeSE VUPA
- Scrotum
- Testes
- Seminiferous tubles
- Epididymus
- Vas (Ductus) derens
- Urethra
- Penis
- Accessory organs
What are the chracteristics of the scrotum?
- Outer covering of testes
- Contains smooth muscles for contraction and relaxation
Why are the testicles housed externally?
Sperm production reuires a lower body temperature.
In what situation would the scrotal muscles contract? Why?
- If it is cold outside the body.
- To keep testes warm
In what situation would the scrotal muscles relax? Why?
- When it is warmer outside
- To keep the testes cooler
Testes are the site of…
sperm production
What are the two membranes that surround the teste?
- Tunica vaginalis
- Tunica albuginea
What are the characteristics of the tunica vaginalis?
Outer membrane layer of the teste, continuous with the peritoneum
What are the characteristics of the tunica albuginea?
Fibrous capusle that penetrates testes and produces lobes
Testicular lobes are created by _____ with ______ coiled within each lobe.
tunica albugiea, seminerous tubules
Sperm cells are formed with the…
seminiferous tubules
What are Leydig’s cells?
Interstitial endocrine cells between seminal canals that produce testosterone.
What are the uses for testosterone in males?
- It is an anabolic steroid
- Development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate
- Promotes secondary male characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair
True or False
Low testosterone does not cause infertility.
True
True or False
Sperm production is actually stimulated by hormones other than testosterone.
True
_____ is required for sperm production, but the level in the testes where sperm are produced is many times higher than in the blood.
Testosterone
Seminiferous tubules lead into the _____.
rete testis
What is the rete tesis?
A tubular network between the seminiferous tubules and the efferent ductules, which lead to the epididymus.
What is the flow of sperm from creation to exit?
- Seminiferous tubles, to
- Rete testis, to
- Efferent ductules, to
- Epididymus, to
- Vas deferens, to
- Ampulla of vas deferens, through
- Prostate, out the
- Urethra
What are the characteristics of the vas deferens?
- Long tube that leads from testes back into the body
- Runs along the vladder until it meets up with the urethra (at the prostate gland)
What are the characteristics of the epididymus?
- Site of maturation of sperm
- Immature at head and mature as they make their way through the body to the tail of the epididymus
- Matured sperm are stored in the tail of the epididymus
Maturation of sperm as they travel through the epididymus takes…
20 days
Sperm stored in the tail of the epididymus are viable for…
40-60 days
What happens if sperm are not ejaculated?
They are reabsorbed back into the body.
What are the characteristics of the urethra?
- Long tube leading out of the body
- Used for urinary and reproductive purposes
- Carries both urine and semen out of body
- Made of three parts
What are the 3 parts of the urethra and where is each located?
- Prostate urethra; through and surrounded by prostate
- Membranous urethra; Urogenital diaphragm after prostate, controlling release of bladder
- Spongy urethra; runs through and to the exit of the penis
What are the characteristics of the penis?
- Copulatory organ
- Delivers sperm
- Muscular tube surrounding urethra
What are the male reproductive accessory organs?
- Seminal vesicles
- Prostate gland
- Bulbourethral gland
What are the characteristics of the seminal vesicles?
- Posterior and close to bladder
- Secretes viscous alkaline fluid
- Contains fructose, citric acid, prostaglandins
What does the secretion from the seminal vescles do?
Its alkaline nature protects the semen agains the acidic vajayjay.
What are the characteristics of the prostate gland?
- Surrounds the urethra at base of bladder
- Secretes citric acid and enzymes
- 1/3 of volume of semen
Purpose of bulbourethra gland?
To secrete mucous into seminal fluid for lubrication.
What does semen consist of?
- Sperm
- Seminal vesicle, prostate and bulbourethral secretions
What is an erection?
- Hardening of the penis
- Accomplished by dilation of major blood vessels in penis
What role does nitricoxide have regarding erections.
It is a vasodilator that is secreted on arousal
What are the charateristics of the ejaculatory process?
- Semen reaches ejaculation duct
- Impulse from sympathetic NS causes release
- Release of semen through urethra
What is spermatogensis and where does it occur?
- Production of sperm cells
- Seminiferous tubles
The cells that start the begining of sperm creation are called.
Spermatagonia
Spermatagonia are _____ and have _____ chromosomes.
diploid, 46
Spermatagonia undergo _____ which produces more cells that undergo _____ to create more cells and other cells called _____ that will undergo _____.
mitosis, mitosis, primary spermacytes, meiosis
Spermacytes that have undergone meiosis 1 are ____ and contain __ chromosomes.
haploid, 23
Spermatocytes undergo _____ that ______ the amount of spermatocytes which are now called _____.
meiosis 2, doubles, spermatids
Are spermatids diploid or haploid?
haploid
In the epididymus, haploid _____ become _____, or mature sperm cells.
spermatids, spermatazoa
Spermatazoa contain…
- flagellum for motility
- haploid nucleus
- a lot of mitochondria to provide energy to get to ovum
- acrosome on top of head
What does the spermatazoa acrosome contain?
Digestive enzyme to penetrate egg cell membrane
Follicle Stimulating Hormone is also known as…
FSH
What is the purpose of FSH in males?
Triggers division of spermatagonia
(sperm production)
Leutinizing Hormone is also known as…
LH
What is the purpose of LH in males?
Trigers Leydig’s interstitial cells in between the seminiferous tubles to produce testosterone.
