Ch 19_Exam 1: The Heart Flashcards
This deck was created solely for what the Professor said would be on the test. The main deck is to study everything that was taught from her lecture.
Name the four chambers of the heart.
- Left Ventricle
- Right Ventricle
- Left Atrium
- Right Atrium
What is the name of the valve between the right atrium and ventrical?
Right AV (atrioventricular) or Tricuspid valve
What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Left AV (atrioventricular) or Bicuspid valve.
What is the name of the valve leading from the right ventricle to the pulonary trunk?
Pulmonary semilunar valve
What is the name of the valve leading from the left ventricle to the aorta?
Aortic semilunar valve
Name the four valves of the heart.
- Left AV / Bicuspid valve
- Right AV / Tricuspid valve
- Pulmonary valve
- Aortic valve
What vessel takes blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary arteries
What vessels bring blood back from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
- Epicardium
- Myocardium
- Endocardium
What vessels bring blood back to the heart from the body?
Superior and Inferior vena cava
What blood vessel takes blood from the heart to the tissues and organs of the body?
Aorta
What is the blood flow of the heart starting with the vena cava?
- Superior and Inferior vena cava bring deoxygenated blood from the body to right atrium
- Right atrium flows to right ventricle through tricuspid/right av valve
- Right ventricle delivers blood to the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary valve
- Pulmonary trunk splits blood flow to go to the lungs through the left and right pulmonary arteries
- CO2 is expelled and O2 is picked up at the lungs and delivered back to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins
- Oxygentated blood is pumped to the left ventricle through the bicuspid/left av valve
- Blood leaves the left ventricle through the aortic valve to the Aorta.
- Oxygenated blood is distributed to the tissues and organs of the body
The SA node is also known as the…
Sinoatrial node
The AV node is also known as the…
Atrioventricular node
The AV bundle is also known as the…
Atrioventricular bundle
The intrinsic conduction system is also known as the
cardiac conduction system
The intrinsic conduction system is responsible for regulating…
the heart beat
The ____ node is the pacemaker of the heart.
SA node
Describe the intrinsic conduction cycle
- SA node in upper right atrium fires
- Excitation flows through the atrial myocardium
- AV node in lower right atrium fires
- Excitation spreads down AV bundle
- Subendocardial conducting network distributes excitation through ventricular myocardium
Define Systole
The contraction of the heart muscle
Define Diastole
The relaxation of the heart muscle
What are the four steps of the cardiac cycle?
- Veintricular filling
- Isovolumetric contraction
- Ventricular ejection
- Isovoumetric relaxation
Cardiac cycle:
Explain Ventricle Filling
- Blood flows passively into atria
- Atrial contraction (atrial systole)
- AV valves open
- Semilunar valves close
- Ventricle is in diastole (relaxation)
- Causes ventricles to fill with blood
Cardiac cycle:
Explain Isometric Contraction
- No change in volume
- creates high pressure
- forces semilunar valves to open
- blood leaves ventricle
Cardiac cycle:
Explain Ventricle Ejection
- Ventricles contract
- Close AV valves (1st sound of heart)
- Atria in diastole
Cardiac cycle:
Explain Isovolumetric Relaxation
- Blood leaves ventricle
- Pressure drops
- Semilunar valves close (2nd sound of heart)
- Results in ventricular diastole (relaxation)
Cardiac Output:
Measures the effectiveness of…
heart contractions
Define Cardiac Output
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart in 1 minute.
Define Heart Rate
The number of times the heart contracts in one minute.
Define Stroke Volume
The amount of blood pumped by 1 ventricle per heart beat.
Stroke Volume:
Define EDV
End Diastolic Volume: Blood that is in the ventricle before contraction.
Stroke Volume:
Define ESV
End Systolic Volume: Amount of blood left in heart after contraction.
Stroke Volume:
What is Starling’s “Law of the Heart”
SV=EDV-ESV
What two factors determine Cardiac Output?
Stroke Volume (SV) and Heart Rate (HR)
What is the formula for CO?
CO=(SV)(HR)
Describe the heart muscle cell.
- Striated
- Nucleated
- Attached by intercallated discs via
- Desmosomes: to anchor
- Gap Junctions: for intercellular fluid transmission
