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z_A&P II: BIO426 > Ch 19_Exam 1: The Heart > Flashcards

Ch 19_Exam 1: The Heart Flashcards

This deck was created solely for what the Professor said would be on the test. The main deck is to study everything that was taught from her lecture.

1
Q

Name the four chambers of the heart.

A
  1. Left Ventricle
  2. Right Ventricle
  3. Left Atrium
  4. Right Atrium
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2
Q

What is the name of the valve between the right atrium and ventrical?

A

Right AV (atrioventricular) or Tricuspid valve

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3
Q

What is the name of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Left AV (atrioventricular) or Bicuspid valve.

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4
Q

What is the name of the valve leading from the right ventricle to the pulonary trunk?

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

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5
Q

What is the name of the valve leading from the left ventricle to the aorta?

A

Aortic semilunar valve

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6
Q

Name the four valves of the heart.

A
  • Left AV / Bicuspid valve
  • Right AV / Tricuspid valve
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Aortic valve
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7
Q

What vessel takes blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteries

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8
Q

What vessels bring blood back from the lungs to the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins

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9
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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10
Q

What vessels bring blood back to the heart from the body?

A

Superior and Inferior vena cava

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11
Q

What blood vessel takes blood from the heart to the tissues and organs of the body?

A

Aorta

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12
Q

What is the blood flow of the heart starting with the vena cava?

A
  • Superior and Inferior vena cava bring deoxygenated blood from the body to right atrium
  • Right atrium flows to right ventricle through tricuspid/right av valve
  • Right ventricle delivers blood to the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary valve
  • Pulmonary trunk splits blood flow to go to the lungs through the left and right pulmonary arteries
  • CO2 is expelled and O2 is picked up at the lungs and delivered back to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins
  • Oxygentated blood is pumped to the left ventricle through the bicuspid/left av valve
  • Blood leaves the left ventricle through the aortic valve to the Aorta.
  • Oxygenated blood is distributed to the tissues and organs of the body
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13
Q

The SA node is also known as the…

A

Sinoatrial node

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14
Q

The AV node is also known as the…

A

Atrioventricular node

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15
Q

The AV bundle is also known as the…

A

Atrioventricular bundle

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16
Q

The intrinsic conduction system is also known as the

A

cardiac conduction system

17
Q

The intrinsic conduction system is responsible for regulating…

A

the heart beat

18
Q

The ____ node is the pacemaker of the heart.

A

SA node

19
Q

Describe the intrinsic conduction cycle

A
  1. SA node in upper right atrium fires
  2. Excitation flows through the atrial myocardium
  3. AV node in lower right atrium fires
  4. Excitation spreads down AV bundle
  5. Subendocardial conducting network distributes excitation through ventricular myocardium
20
Q

Define Systole

A

The contraction of the heart muscle

21
Q

Define Diastole

A

The relaxation of the heart muscle

22
Q

What are the four steps of the cardiac cycle?

A
  1. Veintricular filling
  2. Isovolumetric contraction
  3. Ventricular ejection
  4. Isovoumetric relaxation
23
Q

Cardiac cycle:

Explain Ventricle Filling

A
  • Blood flows passively into atria
  • Atrial contraction (atrial systole)
  • AV valves open
  • Semilunar valves close
  • Ventricle is in diastole (relaxation)
  • Causes ventricles to fill with blood
24
Q

Cardiac cycle:

Explain Isometric Contraction

A
  • No change in volume
  • creates high pressure
  • forces semilunar valves to open
  • blood leaves ventricle
25
Q

Cardiac cycle:

Explain Ventricle Ejection

A
  • Ventricles contract
  • Close AV valves (1st sound of heart)
  • Atria in diastole
26
Q

Cardiac cycle:

Explain Isovolumetric Relaxation

A
  • Blood leaves ventricle
  • Pressure drops
  • Semilunar valves close (2nd sound of heart)
  • Results in ventricular diastole (relaxation)
27
Q

Cardiac Output:

Measures the effectiveness of…

A

heart contractions

28
Q

Define Cardiac Output

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart in 1 minute.

29
Q

Define Heart Rate

A

The number of times the heart contracts in one minute.

30
Q

Define Stroke Volume

A

The amount of blood pumped by 1 ventricle per heart beat.

31
Q

Stroke Volume:

Define EDV

A

End Diastolic Volume: Blood that is in the ventricle before contraction.

32
Q

Stroke Volume:

Define ESV

A

End Systolic Volume: Amount of blood left in heart after contraction.

33
Q

Stroke Volume:

What is Starling’s “Law of the Heart”

A

SV=EDV-ESV

34
Q

What two factors determine Cardiac Output?

A

Stroke Volume (SV) and Heart Rate (HR)

35
Q

What is the formula for CO?

A

CO=(SV)(HR)

36
Q

Describe the heart muscle cell.

A
  • Striated
  • Nucleated
  • Attached by intercallated discs via
  • Desmosomes: to anchor
  • Gap Junctions: for intercellular fluid transmission

z_A&P II: BIO426 (31 decks)

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