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z_A&P II: BIO426 > Ch 18: Blood > Flashcards

Ch 18: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 main functions of blood are…

A
  1. Transport
  2. Defense
  3. Homeostasis
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2
Q

T or F

Blood is a connective tissue.

A

True

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3
Q

What 5 things does blood transport?

A
  1. Nutrients from digestive system
  2. Gases: O2 and CO2 from respiratory system
  3. Cellular waste
  4. Hormones from endocrine system
  5. Cells & Proteins from the immune system to fight infections
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4
Q

Cellular waste and urea are removed via what system?

A

Excretory system

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5
Q

What are the 2 main defence systems in the blood?

A
  1. Hemostasis
  2. Immunity
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6
Q

Hemostasis is…

A
  • the ability to stop bleeding
  • keeping the balance of the components of blood
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7
Q

To help with immunity, blood transports…

A

immune cells & immune proteins

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8
Q

The immune cells & proteins in blood fight ________ and the blood cleans up ______.

A
  • foreign pathogens
  • cellular debris
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9
Q

Phagocytosis cells help in the immunity process by…

A

engulfing foreign pathogens and breaking them down.

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10
Q

Antibodies are _____ that target _____.

A
  • proteins
  • particles such as pathogens and cellular debris
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11
Q

Antibodies alert…

A

the immune system.

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12
Q

Compliments are _______ that target _____ and alert the _______.

A
  • immune proteins
  • bacteria
  • immune system
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13
Q

Hemostasis is maintained by the balance of what 4 things?

A
  1. Body temperature
  2. Water
  3. Salt/electrolytes
  4. pH
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14
Q

Body temperature is regulated by what 2 processes?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Vasodilation
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15
Q

Restricting or shutting off blood flow to parts of the body is the process of ______ and _____ body temperature.

A
  • vasocontsriction
  • lowers
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16
Q

The opening of blood vessels to get blood to the surface to cool off is called _______ and _______ body temperature.

A
  • vasodilation
  • raises
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17
Q

In vasoldilation, the blood needs to get to the surface so that it can _______.

A

cool off

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18
Q

In vasoconstricion, blood is conained to the middle of the body to…

A

keep the vital organs warm.

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19
Q

The body is made of _____% water

A

70%

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20
Q

Blood is the bigest reservoir of _____ in the body.

A

water

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21
Q

Too little water in our system pulls water out of blood and _______ blood volume.

A

decreases

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22
Q

Too much water in our blood _______ blood volume.

A

increases

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23
Q

Salt ________ water.

A

retains

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24
Q

Salt works with water to balance _______.

A

hydration

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25
Q

pH balance is a measurement of _______ concentration.

A

hydrogen

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26
Q

The increase or decrease of blood volume is highly _______ and effects blood _______.

A
  • regulated
  • pressure
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27
Q

The 3 parts of the Circulatory System are…

A
  1. Blood
  2. Heart
  3. Vessels
28
Q

Blood is a medium OF ________ and a medium FOR _______.

A
  • transport
  • diffusion
29
Q

The heart is a _______ organ.

A

muscle

30
Q

The purpose of the heart is to…

A

contract and relax to pump blood through the body.

31
Q

What is the primary functional organ of the cardiovascular system?

A

The heart.

32
Q

The vessels of the circulatory system are a(n) ________ system that serves as the _______ of blood.

A
  • interconnected
  • pathways
33
Q

Arteries carry blood _____ the heart.

A

away from

34
Q

Veins carry blood _____ the heart.

A

to

35
Q

Blood is made of what two parts?

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Formed elements
36
Q

Plasma is the _______ matrix of blood.

A

extracellular

37
Q

Plasma is made of _____ % water and the rest is _______ substances.

A
  • 90-95%
  • dissolved
38
Q

_______ make up generally 8% of blood plasma.

A

Proteins

39
Q

The two plasma proteins are…

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Globulins
40
Q

What are the three types of blood cells?

A
  1. Red blood cells
  2. White blood cells
  3. platelets
41
Q

What are the two types of white blood cells called?

A

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

42
Q

What are the three types of granulocytes?

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
43
Q

What are the two types of agranulocytes?

A
  1. Lymphocytes
  2. Monocytes
44
Q

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are classified as…

A

Granulocytes

45
Q

Lymphocytes and monocytes are classified as…

A

Agranulocytes

46
Q

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes are all…

A

White blood cells

47
Q

What is the most numerous type of white blood cell in a healthy individual?

A

Neutrophils

48
Q

What type of white blood cell’s nucleui have many lobes?

A

Neutrophils

49
Q

What type of white blood cell has bi-lobed nuclei?

A

Eosinophils

50
Q

Neutrophils are _____ the size of red blood cells.

A

twice

51
Q

Eosinophils are:

a. Smaller than neutrophils
b. The same size as neutrophils
c. Larger than neutrophils

A

b. The same size as neutrophils

52
Q

The smallest granulocyte is the…

A

Basophil

53
Q

This agranulocyte is the same size as a basophil.

A

Lymphocyte

54
Q

What is the main characteristic of a lymphocyte?

A

It’s nucleus takes nearly the entire cytoplasm of the cell.

55
Q

Which type of white blood cell is the largest?

A

Monocytes

56
Q

What is the defining characteristic of a monocyte?

A

It’s nucleus is kidney shaped.

57
Q

Platelets aid in…

A

clot formation

58
Q

What type of cell is bi-concave?

A

Red blood cell

59
Q

What is the smallest of the formed elements in blood?

A

Platelets

60
Q

A red blood cell is also known as an

A

erythrocyte

61
Q

A white blood cell is also known as a

A

Leukocyte

62
Q

Platelets are also known as…

A

Thrombocytes

63
Q

Platelets are small parts of specialized cells called…

A

megakaryocytes

64
Q

What are three physiological items that require calcium?

A
  1. Bone remodeling
  2. Muscle contraction
  3. Fluid balance

Additional: blood clotting

65
Q

The dissolved substances in blood consist of what 5 things?

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Nutrients
  3. Gases
  4. Salts/Electrolytes
  5. Wastes

z_A&P II: BIO426 (31 decks)

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