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z_A&P II: BIO426 > Ch 21: Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Ch 21: Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Fluid return
  2. Immunity
  3. Lipid absorption
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2
Q

Capillary beds lose fluid which goes into _____ tissues.

A

interstitial

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3
Q

___ % of blood fluid is returned to the venous side of the capillary beds.

A

85%

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4
Q

__ % of blood crossing the capillary bed is lost to interstitial tissues.

A

15%

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5
Q

The fluid lost in in the capillary beds is called…

A

interstitial fluid

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6
Q

What system manages interstitial fluid?

A

Lymphatic

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7
Q

Lymph vessels filter interstitial tissue to remove _______.

A

microbes

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8
Q

Lipid absorbtion occurs in…

A

the digestive tract

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9
Q

What are the two main parts to the Lymphatic System?

A
  1. Lymph
  2. Lymphatic vessels
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10
Q

True or False

The Lymphatic System is a closed system.

A

False.

It picks up and drops off but does not circulate through itself like the Cardiovascular System

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11
Q

What are the four types of lymphatic vessels?

A
  1. Capillaries
  2. Collecting vessels
  3. Lymphatic trunks
  4. Collecting ducts
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12
Q

Lymphalic capillaries pick up fluid from the…

A

capilary bed

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13
Q

Describe the epithelial layer of lymphatic capillaries.

A
  • single layer of cells
  • allows for easy diffusion
  • cells form shingles and leave large gaps to allow larger particles through
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14
Q

Lymphatic capillaries have a _______ membrane.

A

discontinuous

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15
Q

Lymphatic capillaries converge to form…

A

collecting vessels

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16
Q

Collecting vessels run parallel to…

A

arteries and veins

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17
Q

Collecting vessels carry lymph through ______ which filter lymph.

A

nodes

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18
Q

Lymph nodes filter for…

A
  • microbes
  • cellular debris
  • chemicals
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19
Q

The lymphatic system filters fluid and then…

A

returns it to the blood stream

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20
Q

Collecting vessels converge to form…

A

Lymphatic trunks

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21
Q

The purpose of lymphatic trunks is to…

A

collect fluid from regions of the body

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22
Q

All lymphatic trunks coverge into 1 of 2…

A

Collecting ducts

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23
Q

What are the names of the two collecting ducts?

A

Right lymphatic duct and Thoracic duct

24
Q

The right collecting duct collects fluid from…

A
  • right jugular trunk
  • right subclavian trunk
  • broncomediastinal trunk
25
Q

The right collecting duct empties into the…

A

Right subclavian vein

26
Q

The thoracic duct collects fluid from…

A

Below the diaphragm

  • Lumbar
  • Intestinal
  • Left jugular
  • Left subclavian
27
Q

The thoracic duct empties into the…

A

Left subclavian vein

28
Q

True or False

Lymphatic fluid is moved by the lymphatic pump

A

False.

There is no such thing as a lymphatic pump

29
Q

What 4 ways is lymphatic fluid moved through the vessels?

A
  1. Muscle pumps (contractions of skeletal muscles)
  2. Contraction of lymph vessels (like veins)
  3. Arterial pulsation (by proximity)
  4. Respiratory pump (expansion and contraction of diaphragm)
30
Q

What are the 6 types of Lyphatic cells and which one is not a leukocyte?

A
  1. Dendritic cells
  2. Reticular cells (non-leukocyte)
  3. B-lymphocyte
  4. T-lymphocyte
  5. Monocyte
  6. Natural Killer cells
31
Q

What is a natural killer cell?

A

A large lymphocyte that destroys bacteria, microbes and foreign cells (ex. as from organ transplants causing rejection)

32
Q

The “T” in T-lymphocyte stands for…

A

thymus

33
Q

T-cells mature in…

A

the thymus

34
Q

B-cells mature in…

A

bone

35
Q

What type of cell is a Macrophage is ________, which means it engulfs and breaks down foreign objects.

A

phagocytotic

36
Q

A dendritic cell is found in the _______ and _______ membranes and gets rid of _______.

A

epidermis

mucus

microbes

37
Q

Reticular cells are found in…

A

connective tissue

38
Q

What are the two types of lymphatic tissue?

A
  1. Diffuse lymphatic tissue
  2. Lymphatic nodules
39
Q

Does diffuse lymphatic tissue have a high or low concentration of lymphocytes?

A

low

40
Q

Where is Diffuse lymphatic tissue found?

Give examples

A

Where there is access to the external.

Tonsils, respiratory tract, digestive tract

41
Q

The most common type of diffuse lymphatic tissue is known as _____, which stands for…

A

MALT

Mucus Associated Lymphatic Tissue

42
Q

Do lymphatic nodules have a high or low concentration of lymphocytes?

A

High

43
Q

Lymphatic nodules form when…

A

needed

44
Q

In the small intestine, lymphatic nodules are also known as

A

Peyer Patches

45
Q

Peyer Patches are looking for…

A

microbes in your food supply

46
Q

Where are some places lymphatic nodules are found?

A

appendix, small intestine, urinary tract

47
Q

What are the two types of lymphatic organs?

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
48
Q

What is the definition of a primary lymphatic organ?

A

They are the sites of maturation of Lyphocytes

49
Q

In what two places do lympocytes mature?

A
  1. Red bone marrow
  2. Thymus
50
Q

Red bone marrow has _______ cells that can become whtie or red blood cells.

A

Homopoietic stem cells

51
Q

The thymus secretes a chemical called _______ that promotes the development and activity of T-cells

A

thymosine

52
Q

What is the definition of secondary lymphatic organs?

A

Organs that mature lymphocytes migrate to where they can find their specific antigen.

53
Q

Give 3 examples of secondary lymphatic organs

A
  1. lymph nodes
  2. tonsils
  3. spleen
54
Q

The spleen is the largest _______ and filters _______.

A

secondary lymphatic organ

blood

55
Q

The spleen has __ regions called…

A

2

white pulp and red pulp

56
Q

In the white pulp of the spleen, lymphocytes are…

A

waiting to find their antigens

57
Q

What occurs within the red pulp of the spleen?

A
  • houses extra RBCs to be used when/if more are needed
  • removes/destroys sick/dying RBCs

z_A&P II: BIO426 (31 decks)

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