Ch 26: Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism is the breaking down of _____ to produce…

Answer 1

• molecules
• ATP cellular energy

Question 2

Metabolism requires the use of the three macronutrients, which are…

Answer 2

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins

Question 3

_____ is the universal cellular energy molecule.

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

The brain uses only _____ as energy.

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

What is glycolysis?

Answer 5

The breakdown of glycogen to release glucose, which, in turn, will be broken down by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

Question 6

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 6

In the cell cytoplasm.

Question 7

In glycolysis, 1 glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of _____, and releases __ ATP.

Answer 7

pyruvate, two

Question 8

In an anaerobic environment, pyruvate is broken down into _____ and produces __ ATP.

Answer 8

lactic acid, no

Question 9

In an aerobic environment, pyruvate is broken down into _____.

Answer 9

Acetyl Coenzyme A

(Acetyl CoA)

Question 10

When a pyruvate molecule is broken down into Acetyl CoA, it goes into the _____, which produces __ ATP.

Answer 10

KREB cycle, 36

Question 11

Glycogen is a _____ that is stored in _____ as chains of _____.

Answer 11

polysaccharide, liver, glucose

Question 12

Too much glucose in the system results in…

Answer 12

glycogenesis

Question 13

What is glycogenesis?

Answer 13

The building of glycogen from extra glucose molecules

Question 14

What is Gluconeogenesis?

Answer 14

Takes place in liver to make clucose from amino acids

Question 15

Starch is made of chains of _____ that is broken down by the anzyme _____ in saliva, and absorbed by _____ as _____.

Answer 15

glucose, amylase, small intestines, glucose

Question 16

Lipogensis is the production of _____ from excess _____ and stored in _____.

Answer 16

triglycerides, glucose molecules, adipose tissue

Question 17

Lipolysis is

Answer 17

the breaking down of triglycerides into glycerol and its 3 fatty acids.

Question 18

In lipolysis, glycerol is broken down ultimately into…

Answer 18

pyruvate

Question 19

In lipolysis, the 3 fatty acids go through _____ and break down into _____.

Answer 19

betaoxidation, alot of ATP

Question 20

In lipolysis, the 3 fatty acids are not sugars and cannot go through _____.

Answer 20

glycolosis

Question 21

Excess acteyl CoA goes through _____.

Answer 21

ketogenesis

Question 22

In ketogenesis, metabolism of Acetyl CoA in the liver produces _____.

Answer 22

keytone bodies

Question 23

In ketogenesis, what happens to keytone bodies sent through kreb cycle if carbs are low?

Answer 23

keytone bodies will accumulate leading to ketosis

Question 24

What are some examples of proteins the body makes?

Answer 24

• antibodies
• enzymes
• chemical signals/hormones
• colligen

Question 25

In protein synthesis, what is the role of DNA?

Answer 25

to hold information to make proteins and tell cells which amino acids must be linked together

Question 26

Proteins can be used as a source of energy by the process of _____ in wich proteins are broken down or digested into _____.

Answer 26

Proteinlysis, amino acids

Question 27

In proteinlysis, amino acids are _____, which results in ____ being left over and metabloized to produce ____.

Answer 27

deanimated, sugar, ATP

Question 28

In proteinlysis, proteins are broken down and deaminated into ____ and ____.

Answer 28

sugar, an amin group

Question 29

Amin group combined with CO₂ resutls in…

Answer 29

urea

Question 30

The metablic rate is…

Answer 30

• how fast the body produces energy from macronutrients
• amount of energy released per unit of time
• effected by physical activity, more activity = more energy used
• effected by mental state

Question 31

In an absorptive state, what is the relationship of glucose and the small intestines?

Answer 31

glucose will be absorbed by small intestines

Question 32

In a post absorptive state, what is the relationship of glucose and the small intestines?

Answer 32

There will be no glucose in S.I.

Question 33

What is the hierarchy of energy store?

(order they will be used)

Answer 33

1. Carbs
2. Fats
3. Proteins