Ch 26: Metabolism Flashcards
Metabolism is the breaking down of _____ to produce…
- molecules
- ATP cellular energy
Metabolism requires the use of the three macronutrients, which are…
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
_____ is the universal cellular energy molecule.
Glucose
The brain uses only _____ as energy.
glucose
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of glycogen to release glucose, which, in turn, will be broken down by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cell cytoplasm.
In glycolysis, 1 glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of _____, and releases __ ATP.
pyruvate, two
In an anaerobic environment, pyruvate is broken down into _____ and produces __ ATP.
lactic acid, no
In an aerobic environment, pyruvate is broken down into _____.
Acetyl Coenzyme A
(Acetyl CoA)
When a pyruvate molecule is broken down into Acetyl CoA, it goes into the _____, which produces __ ATP.
KREB cycle, 36
Glycogen is a _____ that is stored in _____ as chains of _____.
polysaccharide, liver, glucose
Too much glucose in the system results in…
glycogenesis
What is glycogenesis?
The building of glycogen from extra glucose molecules
What is Gluconeogenesis?
Takes place in liver to make clucose from amino acids
Starch is made of chains of _____ that is broken down by the anzyme _____ in saliva, and absorbed by _____ as _____.
glucose, amylase, small intestines, glucose
Lipogensis is the production of _____ from excess _____ and stored in _____.
triglycerides, glucose molecules, adipose tissue
Lipolysis is
the breaking down of triglycerides into glycerol and its 3 fatty acids.
In lipolysis, glycerol is broken down ultimately into…
pyruvate
In lipolysis, the 3 fatty acids go through _____ and break down into _____.
betaoxidation, alot of ATP
In lipolysis, the 3 fatty acids are not sugars and cannot go through _____.
glycolosis
Excess acteyl CoA goes through _____.
ketogenesis
In ketogenesis, metabolism of Acetyl CoA in the liver produces _____.
keytone bodies
In ketogenesis, what happens to keytone bodies sent through kreb cycle if carbs are low?
keytone bodies will accumulate leading to ketosis
What are some examples of proteins the body makes?
- antibodies
- enzymes
- chemical signals/hormones
- colligen
In protein synthesis, what is the role of DNA?
to hold information to make proteins and tell cells which amino acids must be linked together
Proteins can be used as a source of energy by the process of _____ in wich proteins are broken down or digested into _____.
Proteinlysis, amino acids
In proteinlysis, amino acids are _____, which results in ____ being left over and metabloized to produce ____.
deanimated, sugar, ATP
In proteinlysis, proteins are broken down and deaminated into ____ and ____.
sugar, an amin group
Amin group combined with CO2 resutls in…
urea
The metablic rate is…
- how fast the body produces energy from macronutrients
- amount of energy released per unit of time
- effected by physical activity, more activity = more energy used
- effected by mental state
In an absorptive state, what is the relationship of glucose and the small intestines?
glucose will be absorbed by small intestines
In a post absorptive state, what is the relationship of glucose and the small intestines?
There will be no glucose in S.I.
What is the hierarchy of energy store?
(order they will be used)
- Carbs
- Fats
- Proteins
