CH 2: Theory of Management

Question 1

6 reasons to study mgmt

Answer 1

-understand the present
-guide to action
-source of new ideas
-clues to the meaning of your managers decisions
-producing positive results

Question 2

2 overarching perspectives of management

Answer 2

Historical & contemporary perspective

Question 3

historical presepectives viewpoints

Answer 3

-classical
-behavioral
-quantitative

Question 4

classical viewpoint

Answer 4

emphasized on ways to manage work more efficiently

Emphasized scientific management

Administrative management

Question 5

scientific management

Answer 5

study of work methods to improve productivity of workers (taylor, gilbreth)

Question 6

administrative mgmt

Answer 6

concern w managing the total org (fayol, weber,spaulding)

Question 7

behavioral viewpoint

Answer 7

emphasized on importance of understanding human behavior and motivating/encouraging employees toward achievement

Human relations movement

Behavioral science approach

Question 8

Early behaviorists:

Answer 8

munsterberg, follett, mayo

Question 9

Human relations movement

Answer 9

-proposed better human relations could inc worker productivity (maslow, mcgregor)

Question 10

Behavioral science approach

Answer 10

• relies on scientific research for developing theories abt human behavior to provide practical mgmt tools

Question 11

quantitive viewpoint

Answer 11

applies quantitative techniques on management

management science

operations management

Question 12

management science

Answer 12

focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making

Question 13

operations mgmt

Answer 13

Focuses on managing the production and delivery of an orgs products or services more effectively and concerned with work scheduling, production planning, facilities location and decision, and inventory levels

Question 14

contemporary perspective viewpoints

Answer 14

-systems viewpoint
-contingency viewpoint
-quality mgmt viewpoint

Question 15

systems viewpoint

Answer 15

regards the org. As a system of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose

Question 16

Contingency viewpoint

Answer 16

emphasizes that a managers approach should vary according to/be contingent on the individual and the env. Situation

Most practical bc its a case-by-case basis

Question 17

Quality mgmt viewpoint

Answer 17

3 approaches

-Quality control
-Quality assurance
-Total quality mgmt

Question 18

quality control

Answer 18

strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production (shewartt)

Question 19

quality assurance

Answer 19

focuses on the performance of working urging employees to strive for zero defects

Question 20

Total quality mgmt

Answer 20

approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction (deming, juran)

Question 21

taylors principles of scientific management

Answer 21

-Scientifically study each part of the task

-Carefully select workers with the right abilities

-Gave workers the training and incentives to do the task properly

-Use scientific principles to plan the work methods

Question 22

lillian and frank gilbreth

Answer 22

Applied ideas for improving efficiency to raising their 12 children

Identified 17 basic motions and applied them to work processes to determine if tasks could be done more efficiently (ex bricklaying)

Demonstrated they could eliminate motions while reducing fatigue for some workers

Question 23

Henry Fayol

Answer 23

administrative management
Concerned w mnging the total org

French engineer and industrialist

First to identify the major functions of mgmt
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
Coordinating

Question 24

major functions of mgmt

Answer 24

Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
Coordinating

Question 25

Max weber -administrative management

Answer 25

Believed that a bureaucracy was rational, efficient, ideal organization based on the principles of logic

-A well defined hierarchy of authority
-Formal rules and procedures
A clear division of labor
Impersonality
-Careers based on merit

Question 26

Why the classical viewpoint is important

Answer 26

Through the application of scientific methods, time and motion studies, and job specialization, it was possible to boost productivity

It led to later innovations such as management by objectives and goal setting

Question 27

problem w classical viewpoint

Answer 27

Too mechanistic-tends to view humans as cogs within a machine, not taking into account the impotence of human needs

Question 28

3 phases of the behavioral viewpoint

Answer 28

Early behaviorism, the human relations movement, behavioral science

Question 29

Early behaviorism-hugo munsterberg

Answer 29

Known as the father of industrial psychology

Study jobs and determine which ppl are suited to specific jobs

Identify the psych conditions under which employees do their best work

Device mgmt strategies to influence employees to follow mgmts interests

Question 30

Early behaviorism-mary parker follett

Answer 30

Organizations should be operated as communities

Conflicts should be resolved by managers and workers talking over differences and finding solutions to satisfy both parties

The work process should be controlled by workers w relevant knowledge and managers are the facilitators

Question 31

Early behaviorism-Elton Mayo

Answer 31

Mayo led a harvard research group to conduct worker productivity studies at a westerns electric hawthorne plant

Hawthorne effect- employees worked harder if they received added attention and thought that the managers cared abt their welfare and bosses paid special attention to them

Question 32

theory x

Answer 32

Represents a pessimistic negative view of workers

Workers are irresponsible, resistant to change, lack ambition, hate work, and want to be led

Question 33

theory Y

Answer 33

Represents optimistic view of workers

Workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility, self direction, self control, and being creative

Question 34

The behavioral science approach-disciplines

Answer 34

Psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics

Question 35

closed system

Answer 35

organizations that have little interactions w their environment

Question 36

open systems

Answer 36

organizations that continually interact w their environment and have the potential to produce synergy

Question 37

Complexity theory

Answer 37

-ultimate open system

-all complex systems are networks of interdependent parts that interact w each other according to simple rules

Question 38

evidence based mgmt

Answer 38

Translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice and bringing rationality to the decision making process

Question 39

TCM-total quality management

Answer 39

Make continuous improvement a priority

Get every employee involved

Listen to and learn from customers and employees

Use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems

Question 40

Peter Drucker is credited with providing the first modern handbook on the subject of

Answer 40

management

Question 41

one of the first to recognize that enriching the lives of organizational and community family was just as important as a company making a profit?

Answer 41

spaulding