CH 2: Theory of Management Flashcards
6 reasons to study mgmt
-understand the present
-guide to action
-source of new ideas
-clues to the meaning of your managers decisions
-producing positive results
2 overarching perspectives of management
Historical & contemporary perspective
historical presepectives viewpoints
-classical
-behavioral
-quantitative
classical viewpoint
emphasized on ways to manage work more efficiently
Emphasized scientific management
Administrative management
scientific management
study of work methods to improve productivity of workers (taylor, gilbreth)
administrative mgmt
concern w managing the total org (fayol, weber,spaulding)
behavioral viewpoint
emphasized on importance of understanding human behavior and motivating/encouraging employees toward achievement
Human relations movement
Behavioral science approach
Early behaviorists:
munsterberg, follett, mayo
Human relations movement
-proposed better human relations could inc worker productivity (maslow, mcgregor)
Behavioral science approach
- relies on scientific research for developing theories abt human behavior to provide practical mgmt tools
quantitive viewpoint
applies quantitative techniques on management
management science
operations management
management science
focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making
operations mgmt
Focuses on managing the production and delivery of an orgs products or services more effectively and concerned with work scheduling, production planning, facilities location and decision, and inventory levels
contemporary perspective viewpoints
-systems viewpoint
-contingency viewpoint
-quality mgmt viewpoint
systems viewpoint
regards the org. As a system of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose
Contingency viewpoint
emphasizes that a managers approach should vary according to/be contingent on the individual and the env. Situation
Most practical bc its a case-by-case basis
Quality mgmt viewpoint
3 approaches
-Quality control
-Quality assurance
-Total quality mgmt
quality control
strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production (shewartt)
quality assurance
focuses on the performance of working urging employees to strive for zero defects
Total quality mgmt
approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction (deming, juran)
taylors principles of scientific management
-Scientifically study each part of the task
-Carefully select workers with the right abilities
-Gave workers the training and incentives to do the task properly
-Use scientific principles to plan the work methods
lillian and frank gilbreth
Applied ideas for improving efficiency to raising their 12 children
Identified 17 basic motions and applied them to work processes to determine if tasks could be done more efficiently (ex bricklaying)
Demonstrated they could eliminate motions while reducing fatigue for some workers
Henry Fayol
administrative management
Concerned w mnging the total org
French engineer and industrialist
First to identify the major functions of mgmt
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
Coordinating
major functions of mgmt
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
Coordinating
Max weber -administrative management
Believed that a bureaucracy was rational, efficient, ideal organization based on the principles of logic
-A well defined hierarchy of authority
-Formal rules and procedures
A clear division of labor
Impersonality
-Careers based on merit
Why the classical viewpoint is important
Through the application of scientific methods, time and motion studies, and job specialization, it was possible to boost productivity
It led to later innovations such as management by objectives and goal setting
problem w classical viewpoint
Too mechanistic-tends to view humans as cogs within a machine, not taking into account the impotence of human needs
3 phases of the behavioral viewpoint
Early behaviorism, the human relations movement, behavioral science
Early behaviorism-hugo munsterberg
Known as the father of industrial psychology
Study jobs and determine which ppl are suited to specific jobs
Identify the psych conditions under which employees do their best work
Device mgmt strategies to influence employees to follow mgmts interests
Early behaviorism-mary parker follett
Organizations should be operated as communities
Conflicts should be resolved by managers and workers talking over differences and finding solutions to satisfy both parties
The work process should be controlled by workers w relevant knowledge and managers are the facilitators
Early behaviorism-Elton Mayo
Mayo led a harvard research group to conduct worker productivity studies at a westerns electric hawthorne plant
Hawthorne effect- employees worked harder if they received added attention and thought that the managers cared abt their welfare and bosses paid special attention to them
theory x
Represents a pessimistic negative view of workers
Workers are irresponsible, resistant to change, lack ambition, hate work, and want to be led
theory Y
Represents optimistic view of workers
Workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility, self direction, self control, and being creative
The behavioral science approach-disciplines
Psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics
closed system
organizations that have little interactions w their environment
open systems
organizations that continually interact w their environment and have the potential to produce synergy
Complexity theory
-ultimate open system
-all complex systems are networks of interdependent parts that interact w each other according to simple rules
evidence based mgmt
Translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice and bringing rationality to the decision making process
TCM-total quality management
Make continuous improvement a priority
Get every employee involved
Listen to and learn from customers and employees
Use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems
Peter Drucker is credited with providing the first modern handbook on the subject of
management
one of the first to recognize that enriching the lives of organizational and community family was just as important as a company making a profit?
spaulding
