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Psychology > Ch 13: Social Psychology > Flashcards

Ch 13: Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

how did kurt Lewin, describe human behavior worked (short eqn)

A

B= f (P, E)

behavior is a function of the person & (social) environment

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2
Q

what is mimicry? how is it related to social behavior

A

taking in for ourselves the behaviors, emotional displays and facial expression of others (imitation)

ex: laughing when others are laughing

helps to coordinate behaviors in social settings, helps people feel reassured and validated

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3
Q

what is chameleon effect

A

unconsciously mimicking others

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4
Q

what are social norms?

A

unwritten guidelines for how to behave in social contexts

ex: making diff jokes when youre out with friends than when u meet bf or gf parents for first time

ex: clothes you wear on certain events

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5
Q

ostracism meaning

A

being ignored or excluded from social contact

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6
Q

what is social loafing? what factors encourage this to happen

A

occurs when individuals puts less effort into working on a task with others

coasting, slacking, free riding

people loaf because others dont work very hard

  1. low efficacy beliefs = task is too hard so a structure is needed
  2. beliveing ppls contributions are not important in group = cant see how own input matters
  3. not caring about groups outcome
  4. feeling like others dont try hard
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7
Q

what is social facilitation

A

occurs when ones performance is affected by presence of others

ex: ants dig more when other ants work beside them
ex: presence of others cause our performance

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8
Q

what is group think? list an example happening in the real world

A

a decision -making problem in which group members avoid arguments and strive for agreement (doesnt always promote good decision making)

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9
Q

describe Aschs study of conformity

A

meaning: change in behavior to fit in with other group (intentional or not)

comparison lines matching with standard lines

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10
Q

2 types of social influence in conformity

A
  1. normative influence = social pressure to adopts groups perspective to fit in (public compliance)
    - avoid criticism or rejection
  2. informational influence = when people feel that the group is giving them useful info (private acceptance)
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11
Q

altruism meaning

A

helping others in need without receiving or expecting reward

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12
Q

how many people are generally necessary in order to produce conformity behavior

A

1 person = feels all responsibiltiy to take action
10 people are around = feels that respomsibility is distributed

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13
Q

bystander effect? how is this related to story of Kitty Genovese

A

meaning: indiv is less likely to help when they perceive that others are not helping
= Kitty got assaulted and stabbed and screamed but no one helped

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13
Q

explicit processes

A

conscious thoughts that are effortul and slow (trying to rmbr a formula)

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14
Q

implicit processes

A

unconscious thought, automatic, effortless, fast (suddenly singing song lyrics)

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15
Q

dual process mdels

A

models of behavior that account for both implicit and explicit

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16
Q

person perception

A

process by which indiv categorize and form judgments about other people

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17
Q

pluralistic ignorance (like bystander effect)

A

where individual onlookers may believe others are considering taking action, and may therefore themselves refrain from acting.

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18
Q

what are social roles? what did Stanford experiment shows us about the effect roles can have on behavior

A

pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group (ie; student, son, teacher)

the power of social roles, norms, and scripts
The guards gave orders and the prisoners followed orders.

prisoners = felt helpless

19
Q

how are thin slices of behavior related to person perception

A

meaning: small samples of a persons behavior

ex; JUDGING someone based on snippets of convo we happen to overhear

shows how quick impressions are formed and how sirprisinly accurate they often are

20
Q

self fulfilling prophecies meaning

A

occur when a first impression (or expectation) affects ones behavior and then that affects other peoples behavior leading one to “confirm” the initial impression or expectation

ex: meeting a friendly person so u treat them friendly as well

21
Q

what is false consensus effect? how is it related to our sense of self

A

tendency to project self concept on social world
over estimating that people behave, think and act like you

ex; someone believing that the political candidate that they favor has more support in the population than other candidates, even when that isn’t the case.

22
Q

naive realism

A

our perceptions of reality are accurate that we see things the way they are

we perceive things thru senses (this is a chair and its solid)

Believe that they see the world objectively and without bias

23
Q

biased ways of processing self relevant info to enhance postiive self evaluations is known as

A

self serving bias

taking credit on our succcess but blame failure on others

24
Q

better than avrg effect

A

tendency to think of urself as superior

25
Q

internal attribution (dispositional)

A

sumn within the person (personality)

26
Q

external attribution

A

sumn to do with the situation

27
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

over emphasize internal attribution and under emphasize external

= we choose which explanation we paint to be in the best light

ex: if you’ve ever chastised a “lazy employee” for being late to a meeting and then proceeded to make an excuse for being late yourself that same day

28
Q

differnece b/w ingroups and outgroups

A

ingroup = groups we positively feel toward and we know (family, coworker) = those like ourselves

outgroup = other groups we dont identify with (those that are not like ourselves)

29
Q

define
1. stereotype
2. prejudice
3. discrimination

A
  1. stereotype= disrespectful attitude about a labeled group
  2. agreement to stereotype leading to negative emotion (judging other groups)
  3. behavior that disfavor / disadvantage members of certain social group (unfair treatment in groups)
30
Q

what task is used to measure implicit prejudice

A

IAT = implicit association test
measures how fast people respond to images or words flashed on screen

31
Q

what is contact hypothesis

A

predict social contact b/w members of diff groups is extremely important to overcoming prejudice

if a certain white individual holds negative stereotypes about Latinos, then, according to the contact hypothesis, those stereotypes should be reduced by having the individual interact with Latinos in a supportive, friendly environment.

32
Q

what is the elaboration likelihood of persuasive communication

A

model persuasion that predicts whether factual info or other types of info will be most influential

when a persuader presents information to an audience, a level of elaboration results.

33
Q

central and peripheral routes to persuasion differences

A

central (substance) = focuses on facts, logic, content of a msg in order to be persuade

peripheral = fouces on feautres of issue or presentation that are not factual (number of arguments, attractiveness of the speaker, lacking time to think abt it)

34
Q

construal level theory

A

describes how info affects us differnyly depending on pscyholical distaince from info (personal info)

35
Q

identifiable victim effect

A

descrjbes how ppl r more powerfully moved to action by the story of a single suffering person than by info about a whole group of ppl

36
Q

process b/w experiential and analytic systems for info processoing

A

experiental (feeling)= operates more quickly; responds stroingly to personal experiences, images stories and others emotionas

analytic (understanding) = operates more at explicit lvl emotion, slower, uses logic

37
Q

attitude inoculation meaning

A

strategy for strngthening attidues and making them resistant to change by first exopsing to a weak counter argument

ex: getting fliu shots; so when u get injected with a weakened version of flue virus ur immune system builds up with antibodies it need when real flue comes

38
Q

door in face techniques

A

asking someone sumn big then small

39
Q

foot in door technique

A

making small rqst then big (homeowner cant shut u out)

40
Q

cognitive dissonance,describe festinger and carlsmiths study

A

descrbing tht when we hold inconsistent belieds this creates a tensio, then we r motivated to reduce this tension

mental conflict that occurs when your beliefs don’t line up with your actions. (inconsistent thoughts)

ex; hates animal killing but eats animals

the participants experienced dissonance between the conflicting cognitions of telling someone that a particular task is interesting when the truth is, they found it rather uninteresting and boring.

those paid $1 for lying found experiment fun
those $20 were js comfy for lying (doing it for money)

41
Q

the ease with which info is processed is known as

A

cognitive ease

being able to think quickly and effortlessly, having a sharp memory, and being able to focus easily

42
Q

what brain areas becomes active when ppl refuse to conform with groups incorrect judgment

A

ventral striatum and the dorsal aspect of the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC),

43
Q

milgrams study result

A

people obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative–even when acting against their own better judgment and desires

44
Q

how does Hannahs banality of evil relate to milgrams study

A

hows how ppls desire to b good subjects by authority is greater than desire to do good

Psychology (17 decks)

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