8.3: Language & Communication

Question 1

which hemisphere involves in language

Answer 1

left hemisphere

Question 2

disorder that affects how you communicate = unable to understand language

Answer 2

Aphasia

Question 3

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 3

Disorder of language production

Question 4

what does Broca’s area control

Answer 4

region of left frontal lobe that controls ability to articulate speech sounds that compose words (producing speech)

Question 5

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 5

left frontal lobe w/ finding meaning of words
=Comprehension (speech process and understanding)

Question 6

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 6

Disorder of language comprehension
= Speech is preserved, language content is incorrect, word salad

Question 7

paraphasias

Answer 7

Word substitutions are common

Question 8

Make up words

Answer 8

neologisms

Question 9

Phonemes

Answer 9

=most basic units of speech sounds
= Changing in vocalization & movements of tongue, throat, lips produce different sounds

Question 10

Morphemes

Answer 10

= smallest meaningful units of language
= Can be small words, prefixes, suffixes

Question 11

Semantics

Answer 11

study of how people come to understand meaning from words

=Can figure out what words mean based on morphemes (ambidextrous)
= r/s b/w words and meanings

Question 12

Syntax

Answer 12

rules for combining words and morphemes into meaningful phrases and sentences

Question 13

2 types of syntax

Answer 13

1. surface structure
   Way sentence is actually spoken, hear, signed
   Seen or heard part of the sentence
2. deep structure
   How the sentence is to be understood
   Meaning of sentence

Question 14

Pragmatic

Answer 14

study of non linguistic elements of language use
= heavy emphasize on speakers behaviors and social situation

Question 15

Fast mapping

Answer 15

Ability to map words onto concepts or objects after only a single exposure

Question 16

Sensitive Periods

Answer 16

time during childhood in which children’s brains are primed to develop language
= disappear at age of 7

Question 17

Drawbacks of Bilingualism:

Answer 17

= slightly smaller vocabulary
= Slower at word finding and at making word/ nonword decisions

Question 18

Advantages of Bilingualism

Answer 18

superior executive functions, from infancy to old age

= Denser frontal lobe networks which protects against onset of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Question 19

orthography meaning

Answer 19

Deals with letters and spellings in words

Question 20

phonology

Answer 20

sounds in heard/ spoken words

Question 21

how are orthographic and phonology related to dyslexia

Answer 21

dyslexia is trouble translating words into speech sounds
= word recognition w/ linking word and sounds representations

Question 22

most basic syntax

Answer 22

S-V-O

Question 23

the word runned is an example of

Answer 23

irregular verb and pluralization

Question 24

when is the sensitive period for language acquisition in humans

Answer 24

7months to 3 yr olds

Question 25

what is language acquisition

Answer 25

process when humans start to produce and use words to communicate
= and when humans start to comprehend language

Question 26

who shows better executive functioning unilingual or bilingual

Answer 26

bilingual

Question 27

what gene has been linked to language function

Answer 27

FOXP2
= provides instructions for making a protein called “forkhead box P2” for speech and language development

Question 28

2 reasons to be cautious when reading about language abilities of chimpanzee research

Answer 28

1. they are unable to produce sound (phonemes) that comprise human language
2. brain is not as large and developed as humans

Question 29

language was learned through 2 ways

Answer 29

imitation and reinforcement