7.3 Constructing & Reconstructing Memories

Question 1

Schemas (structural memory)

Answer 1

organized clusters of memories that constitute one’s knowledge about events, objected, ideas

Influence the way we interpret, organize, communicate, remember info
Ex: uni class (big room, uncomfortable chair, exams)

Question 2

how are schemas related to memory

Answer 2

help a person reconstruct bits and pieces of memories that have been forgotten.

1. guide what we attend during encoding
2. influence how stored memories are organized

Question 3

false memories

Answer 3

remembering events that did not occur

Question 4

Confabulation

Answer 4

confusing an event that happened to someone else w/ one that happened to you

occurs when an individual unintentionally mistakes imagined events as actual memories

Question 5

can personal biases affect memory, what is an example of this

Answer 5

yes, false memory is an example

Question 6

misinformation effect

Answer 6

when information occurring after an event become spart of the memory for that event

Question 7

source memory

Answer 7

memory for how or where info was initially acquired

Question 8

6 ways psychology can be used to improve eyewitness testimony

Answer 8

1. employ double blind procedures
2. use appropriate instructions
3. compose lineup carefully
4. use sequential lineups
5. require confidence statements
6. record procedures

Question 9

Imagination inflation

Answer 9

increased confidence in a false memory of an event following repeated imaging of the event

Question 10

guided imagery

Answer 10

technique to help people recover details of events that they are unable to remember
= guide giving instructions to participant to imagine certain events
= alter memories for actual events
= create entirely false memories

Question 11

DRM procedure

Answer 11

participants study a list of highly related words and then incorrectly assume that a related word was also part of the list

Question 12

semantic associate

Answer 12

words associated by meaning

Question 13

Recovered memory

Answer 13

memory of a traumatic event that is suddenly recovered after blocking the memory of that event for years

Question 14

critical lure

Answer 14

word that should obviously be on the list but is missing

Question 15

intrusion

Answer 15

when individuals recall critical lure
= false memory is sneaking into an existing memory

Question 16

recovered memory controversy

Answer 16

heated debate among psychologists about validity of recovered memories

Question 17

how is true distinguished from false in neuroimaging

Answer 17

true info= visual and other sensory areas of brain become more active

Question 18

how is false distinguished from true in neuroimaging

Answer 18

false info= same individuals have much less activity in sensory regions
= brain is not drawing on mental imagery because it was not there in the first place