Central nervous system depressants and muscle relaxants Flashcards
What are the three main groups of CNS depressants?
Barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and miscellaneous drugs
What are the three types of benzodiazepines?
Long acting, intermediate acting, and short acting
What is an example of a long acting benzodiazepine?
Diazepam
What is an intermediate acting benzodiazepine?
lorazepam
what is a short acting benzodiazepine?
midozolam hydrochloride
What are the reasons for using benzodiazepines?
Sedation, sleep induction, sksletal muscle relaxation
What is the antidote for benzodiazepines toxicity?
Flumazenil
What is diazepam?
It is a long-acting benzodiazepine used for a person who is in a seizure who can’t breathe, anxiety, and alcohol withdrawal
What is lorazepam and when is its onset of action?
It is an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety. It has an onset of action within 30-60 minutes
What is zopiclone?
This is a short acting benzodiazepine-like drug that has a short half-life and is used for the treatment of insomnia
What is kava and what is its adverse effect
It is a herbal product that treats anxiety and stress and promotes sleep. It can cause liver disease.
What is Valerian?
It relieves anxiety and is used for sleep.
What is the MOA of barbituaries?
They work within the brainstem and inhibits certain impulses improving sleep
What happens with barbituary overdose?
They can cause respiratory depression and respiratory arrest.
What are examples of over-the-counter hypnotics?
Doxylamine succinate, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, acetaminophen diphenhydramine.
Which medication is used for short-term treatment of insomnia?
zopiclone
What drug class reduces nervousness, excitability, irritability without causing sleep?
Sedative
What hormone secreted by pineal gland regulates and maintains sleep
Melatonin
What drug class causes sleep and has a potent effect on the CNS than sedatives
Hypnotics
What CNS depressant acts primarily on the brain stem in the
Barbituates
What drug is prescribed for spastic muscle conditions
Baclofen
