Antitubercular drugs Flashcards
What are the main sites of infection
The lungs are main then sometimes the brain and bone
What drugs are multidrug-resistant tuberculosis resistant to?
They are resistant to isoniazid and rifampin
What are the first-line drugs for tuberculosis?
Isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and rifampin acronym: RIPE
What are the three second line drugs?
Amikacin, Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
What is the primary antitubercular drug?
Isoniazid
Which of the primary tuberculosis drugs cant be given to pregant women?
Pyrazinamide (pregnant)
What type of patients do you watch out for before giving isoniazid?
Slow acetylators
What are the main adverse effects of isoniazid? IMPORTANT
Peripheral neuritis, hepatotoxicity, hyperglycemia, discolouration of body fluids
What is given to a patient on isoniazid to help the peripheral nueropathy?
Vitamin B6
What is a contraindication for ethambutol? IMPORTANT
Children under 13 years of age
What are the adverse effects of ethambutol? IMPORTANT
Visual changes
What is a contraindication pyrazinamide? IMPORTANT
patients with gout and liver disease as well as pregnancy
What are the main adverse effects of rifampin? IMPORTANT
Discolouration of body fluids, hepatitis, and affects warfarin think red colouration
What is PPD (purified protein derivative?
IT is a diagnostic injection used to detect the TB organism.
What does a positive PPD look like?
There will be induration at the site of injection
What is the BCG (bacille calmette guerin)?
A vaccine injection taken from inactivated strain of the bacteria. Prevents severe cases of tuerculosis
WHat is the main drug effect of therapy for tuberculosis?
Reduction of cough and infectiousness of the patient
What is the best time to do a sputum culture for the client
In the morning to get the most accurate reading since there will be a high amount of bacteria in mouth
What does it mean to be a slow acetylator
This means they dont have eenough enzymes in liver to metabolize a medication meaning the drug has longer effects in the body or even toxicity
What test do we do for a person to be put onto rifampin and isoniazid?
A liver function study
What test is used to diagnose tuberculosis
Stomach secretions, sputum culture, TB blood test
What isolation precaution is for tuberculosis
Airborne precautions
Why is more than one drug used when treating someone?
It reduces the chance of drug resistance happening
