Cell Signaling Flashcards
Which type of cell signal is faster?
Hydrophilic signals
What type of cell signal can be stored in intracellular vesicles?
Hydrophilic signals
What is the function of the ryanodine receptor?
They release calcium into the cytoplasm from the endoplasmic reticulum in response to small amounts of intracellular calcium–thus strengthening cell response.
Name two examples of amplification.
1) Signal cascade (one molecule activating multiple others which themselves activate multiple others)
2) Positive feedback (such as Ca induced Ca release)
What are the four different receptor types?
1) Ligand- or voltage-gated ion channels
2) G-protein coupled receptors
3) Enzyme linked receptors (such as tyrosine kinase)
4) Nuclear receptors
What membrane enzyme produces diacylglycerol (DAG)?
Phospholipase C (produced by a GPCR cleaving PIP2)
What does phospholipase C produce?
IP3 and DAG
What are the four types of cell signaling?
1) Contact-dependent
2) Paracrine/autocrine
3) Endocrine
4) Synaptic
What type of receptor is the dihydropyridine receptor?
Voltage-gated calcium channel
Which phospholipase c (PLC) is activated by a GPCR?
Phospholipase C beta
_________ bind to nuclear receptors.
Steroids, vitamin D, retinoic acid, or thyroid hormones.
The _________ acetylcholine receptor is a GPCR.
Muscarinic
