Calcium Signaling Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the typical cytosolic concentration of calcium?

A

50 - 100 nM

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2
Q

What is the typical concentration of calcium in the ER/SR?

A

2 mM

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3
Q

List three cellular sources of calcium.

A

Endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum; nuclear envelope; mitochondria

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4
Q

_____ and _____ are receptors that move calcium from the ER/SR to the cytoplasm.

A

Ryanodine and IP3

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5
Q

________ channels open in response to the depletion of ER/SR calcium sources.

A

Orai1

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6
Q

Secondary channels use the influx of _______ atoms to expel _____ atom.

A

Three sodium; one calcium

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7
Q

Cytosolic calcium is buffered by _______, while ER/SR calcium is buffered by _________.

A

Parvalbumin; calsequestrin

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8
Q

Calcium binding to the C2 domain of _______ induces association with the cell membrane.

A

Protein kinase C

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9
Q

Three calcium ions bind to the C2A domain of ________ to cause vesicle fusion.

A

Synaptotagmin

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10
Q

Calmodulin has four _____ that bind to calcium; each site has 5 oxygens.

A

EF-hands

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11
Q

Relaxation (cessation of muscle contraction) is caused by ______.

A

Calcium binding to calcium-dependent potassium channels.

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12
Q

Mutations in _______ cause familial catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.

A

RyR2 (ryanodine receptor 2, the cardiac ryanodine receptor)

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