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Year 2 > Cell M2: Module 4 > Flashcards

Cell M2: Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

neurotransmitter used at neuromuscular junctions

A

acetylcholine

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2
Q

neurons that respond to acetylcholine include

A

motor neurons
ANS - prehanglionic sympathtic and parasympathetic
neurons
ANS - postganglionic parasympthetic neurons
neurons regulating arousal and sleep
local interneurons

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3
Q

what is synthesizwd from precursos actyl co A and choline

A

acetylcholine

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4
Q

what loads acetylcholine into SVs

A

vesicular acetylcholine

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5
Q

what happens to extra acetylcholine in synaptic cleft

A

it is degraded by acteylcholinesterase

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6
Q

name of acetylcholine receptor

A

nicotinic acetylcholine

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7
Q

type of receptors for acetylcholine

A

ionotropic and metabotropic

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8
Q

where are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located

A

neuromusclar junctions
excitatory post-synaptic potentials
many cholingeric synapses (acetylcholine responsive)

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9
Q

what are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors used by

A

nicotine
alpha bungarptoxin - snake venom
curare - plant toaxin

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10
Q

muscarinic acetylcholine receptos are ___ receptor

A

metabotropic receptors

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11
Q

what do mescarinic acetlycholine receptors do

A

modulartes K+ conductance - sloe EPSP or IPSPs when activated

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12
Q

disease related to nicotinic acettylcholine receptor/ionotropic receptor

A

myasthenia gravis

interferes with neurotrnasmission at neuromuscular junctions -fatigure muscles quickly

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13
Q

what do acetylcholine esterase

A

inhibit enzyme that degrades acetylcholine, kepps acetylcholine in celft for longer time

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14
Q

major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system

A

glutamate; more than 50% of synapses in brain respond to glutamate

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15
Q

synthesized from glutamine in presynaptic terminal if amide bind is hydrolyzed

A

glutamate ; then pumped into SVs agaisnt current

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16
Q

extra glutamate? where does it go now?

A

taken up by glial cells and neurons

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17
Q

types of ionotropic glutamate receptors

A

ampa, nmda, kainate receptors

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18
Q

when is the NMDA channel pore b;ocked by magnesium

A

at negative potentials, even if bound by glutamate

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19
Q

what do glycine and d serine do for glutamine

A

co-agnoists- help channel pore open

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20
Q

metabotropic glutamate receptors - g coupled receptors how many classes

A

mGluR 1, 2, and 3

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21
Q

presynaptic ability of metabotropic glutamate receptors

A

diminish neurotransmitter relase

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22
Q

post synaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors

A

modulate excitability

23
Q

what happens if there is too much glutamate

A

neurons will depolarise and die

24
Q

major inhibitory transmitter in brain

A

GABA

25
Q

major inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord

A

glycine

26
Q

synthesized from glutamate in presynaptic terminal

A

GABA

27
Q

synthesized from serine in presynaptic termine

A

Glycine

28
Q

SV loading by VIATT

A

GABA and glycine

29
Q

GBAA A Receptors are inhibitory or excitatory? GABA B receptors?

A

GABA A - inhiibitoyr

GABA B - excitatory

30
Q

GABA A receptors are permable to ___

A

chlorine

31
Q

glycine receptors that are ionotropic are permeable to

A

chlorine

32
Q

dopamine is a

A

catecholamine

33
Q

substania nigeria and ventral tegmental area are_____

A

dopaminergic neurons

34
Q

what happens if not enough dopamine in striatum?

A

poor movement

35
Q

synthesized from tyrosin by tyrosine hydroxyalse and DOPA decarboxylase

A

dopamine

36
Q

Dopamine and noepinpherin and epinpherine degraded in neurons by

A

catecho-o-methltransferase and monoamin oxidase

37
Q

dopamine receptor are ionotropic or metabotropic

A

exclusively metabotrpic

38
Q

noerpinepherin and epinpherin are bothe

A

catechotamine

39
Q

noradrenergic neurosn found in

A

sympatheric ganglia and locaus coreuleus

40
Q

adrenergic neurons foun in

A

rostal medula

41
Q

made from dopamine

A

noepinpherine and ephinphrine

42
Q

adrenergic receptors are NE and E receptors

A

exclusively metabotropic

43
Q

indolamine includes what

A

serotonin

44
Q

serotonergic neurons found in

A

raphe nuclei

45
Q

serotonin synthesized by

A

tryptophan

46
Q

serotonin degreaded in neurons by

A

MAO inhibitors

47
Q

serotonin receotrs include

A

ionotropic and metabotropic

48
Q

histamine receptors are ___

A

exclusively metabotropic

49
Q

2 purine neurotransmitters

A

ATP and adenosine

50
Q

_______ receptors are distributed across ns and periphery widely

A

purines

51
Q

caffine blocks_____ receptors

A

purine

52
Q

more than _______ peptide NTs

A

100

53
Q

neuropeptides synthesized in _____ as neuropeptides degaded by ___ onexracellular surface

A

soma of neurons as prepropeptidespeptidases

Year 2 (19 decks)

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