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Year 2 > Cell M2: Module 3 > Flashcards

Cell M2: Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

spontanrous chanes in muscle membrane potential in the absense of motor nerve stimulation

A

miniture end plate potential mEPPs

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2
Q

what was used to study NT release through exocytosis

A

neuromusclar junctions NMJs

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3
Q

what end plate potentials

A

stimulation of motor nerve generates

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4
Q

what ofte elcits an action potential in muscle

A

end plate potentials

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5
Q

the larger the depolarisatio of the cell membnrane the ____ openings of Ca 2+ voltage gated channels

A

more

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6
Q

what does the presynaptic injection of Ca2+ chealtors do

A

eliminates post synaptic potentials by blocking NT release

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7
Q

what are chelators

A

naturally occuring bind inhibitors

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8
Q

presynaptic injection of Ca2+ leads to

A

PSP - post synaptic potentials

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9
Q

what accounts for most of synaptic delay during membraane depolarization

A

delayed opening of Voltage gated calcium channels

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10
Q

neuropeptides

A

small peptides that are neurotrnamsittes

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11
Q

where are neuropeptides synthesized

A

in the soma from precursors at the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi

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12
Q

do neuropeptides undergo reuptake

A

no, broken down by proteolytic enzymes

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13
Q

how are neurotransmitters trnasported into synaptic vesicles

A

agaisnt electrochemical gradient, using energy from vescular proton pump

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14
Q

compensart endocytosis menaing

A

plasma membrane needs to be held at constant material, so excocytosis of 1 = endocytosus of 1

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15
Q

how long does process from exocytossis to ready for endocytosis take

A

10-20 seconds

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16
Q

how long does a whole cycle of becoming ready for exocytosis to just being endocytosed takes

A

1 minutes

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17
Q

do all vesicules need to go thorgh endosomes?

A

not the recylcyed ones, the immeduate become synaptic vesicles

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18
Q

the recyling pool of SV is ___% big

A

20%

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19
Q

what is required for SV primin

A

SNARE proteins which form a SNARE complex

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20
Q

how does a SNARE complex work

A

a snare complex brings the - charged membranes together for fusion

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21
Q

synaptic vesicle exocytosis is mediated by

A

syntaxin
SNAP25
synaptobrevin

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22
Q

redily reusable pool of all SVs at CNS synapses is ___ % or ___ vseicles

A

2-4 % or 5-10 vesicles

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23
Q

why are some vesicles in recycling pool not readily reusable

A

they are availible for release after initial sitmulation

24
Q

what happens to syntaxin, snap 25 and synaptobrvin to requrie enegery to bring negatively charged membrnes together

A

theyr alpha helices intertwined in coiled mess that produces energy

25
Q

_______ is responsible for tetanus and botulism neurotoxins and ar ehighly specific proteases that block NT release by cleaning SNARES

A

clostridial neurotoxins

26
Q

what blocks NT release by cleaving snares

A

clostridial neurotoxins

27
Q

____ sped up the fusion of lysosomes with each other and are essential for evoked and spontatnrou NT reoease

A

Munc 18 proteins

28
Q

possible functions of Munc18 protein

A

1) bind to snare compares and unfold it so it can interact with other snares
2) may bind to snare complex and facilitate complex mediate fuision directily

29
Q

the chaperon protein that unwinds SNARE complexes

A

NSF and Aplha SNAP
NSF that uses ATP to bind to alpha SNAP that binds to SNARE complex
unwind to individuals to use again/ recycle

30
Q

what happens if we run out of NSF proteins

A

run out of SNARE protiens for Sv fusion. The synthesis of SNARE proteins is not enough on their own

31
Q

integra; SV membrane protein associated with SNARE compex; calcium sensor

A

synaptotagmin

32
Q

synaptotagmin 1 is needed for what

A

only for action-potential evoked fast synchronised NT release

33
Q

what does synaptotagmin bind calcium with

A

2 cytoplasmic regions of protein

34
Q

filamentoud material that surrounds the docked synaptic vesicles and provides docking sites for Sv; recruits calcium channels nd provides cell adhesion

A

active zone cytomatrix

35
Q

a family of presynaptuc cell adhesion proteins

A

neurexins

36
Q

CASK and PSD95 are both

A

scaffolding proteins

37
Q

neurexins are impolicated in what kind of disorders

A

neurodevelopmental disorders sucha s autism

38
Q

molecular scaffolding components that tether SVs to cytomatric with Rab 3 protein

A

RIM protein

39
Q

functions of RIM protein

A

recruitment of Ca channels
suppoert sSV priming with Munc 13
ther SV to active matrix with Rab 3

40
Q

scaffolding protein that faciliatates priming and interacts with components of the SNARE complex

A

Munc 13

41
Q

what activates munc 13 and thus facilitates priming

A

calcium and diaglycerol

42
Q

what would happen if munc 13 not present in synapses

A

synaptic neurotrnasmitter transmission abolished

43
Q

explain nucleation

A

the assembly of a clathrin lattic on membrane to be endocytosed

44
Q

explain invagination

A

generates clathrin coated pits/ puches

45
Q

explain fission

A

the superation go membran pouch from membrane using dynamin

46
Q

uncoating is what

A

the dissasembly of the clarithin-coat

47
Q

what proteins are neede for clathrin to start the lattace

A

AP2 and AP180

48
Q

structure of clatherin that helps keep the lattice from seperatinng

A

trisklion structure and epsin (curved)

49
Q

how does dynamin tighten during fission

A

GTP bound energy - GTP hydrolysis

50
Q

chaperon protein that uncoats che vesicle

A

Hsc 70 which needs adaptor protein auxilin to first bind to the lattice

51
Q

proteins that modulate SV recylcing

A

actin

synapsin

52
Q

what happens if synapsins are phosphorylated

A

they can no longer bind to things, CAMKII and PKA do this

53
Q

why is there sometimes no action potential elicited in post synaptic specialization even tho there was one presynaptically

A

no snaptic vesicle fusion with plasma membrane so there was no neurotransmitter relase

54
Q

what determines teh size of the readily realeasable pool of SVs

A 
# of SVs that can dock at active zone
fraction of docked Svs that are primed
55
Q

residual calcium does what

A

increases SV docking
accelerates Sv rpiming
facilitates SV fission

Year 2 (19 decks)

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