Animal for Exam Flashcards
play characteristics
- functino is not evident
- apparently spontanrous
- exaggerated and incomplete form of adult behaviour
- repetitive and many vqariations
- occurs when animal is free from stressors
frequency intensity sequences play markers role change
functinos of play - non-social hypothesis
young learn physical skills - hunting, foraging
predators participate in object play - ex: cats with yarn)
prey species run with rapid twists and turns
functions of play: social hypothesis
agressive, courting, sexual, competetion and parenting skills, allows animals to determine their status and form social relatinoships and learn who to avoid
- may promote or fine-tune physical skills
- may help in development of cognitive skills
explain object play
use of inanimate objects
- studied largely in captive animals (enriches lives? - apes in leaves)
- function: learning
ravens - crows play with new objects for a bit then move on
difference between object play and object exploratino
object exploration - understanding what an object is
object play- fiddling around with object to find out who you can use it
explain locaomotor play
running chasing, stalking, jumping, head shakes
moving in an area - elk in water
fuction: exercise and development of motor skills
- provides better understanding of sourroundings/ enviro.
effects of locomotor play
increase creatino of synapses in cerebellum during development (cerebellum is important for coordination, movement, postural changes, eye-limb coordination)
explain social play
reasons:
- behavioural flexibility
- gauging others
- experience in different social roles
- big horned sheep - play markers byut still fighting
developmental programming and play
natural selection so that they work well with what they have
- want behavioural phenotype to match thei instinct
these are all\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ assertiveness excitability agressableness socialbility curiosity
personality traits
these are all: \_\_\_\_\_ shyness/boldness in risky situa. exploration/ avoidance in new situa. activity in any situa. aggressiveness towards conspecific species sociability towards consepecifics
personalities/ temperments
necessary to determine personlity vs context-specific behaviour
time. personlaity doesnt change over time
- long-term, stable individual differences
alternative strategies and personltiy
when no one behvaiour is better than another we can see personlity in animals
ex: pigeons 75% are producers
25% are scroungers - changes if the percentages change - cost of being one versus the other chnages
individuals with a particular combination of behaviour X and Y
behavioural type
correlation between behaviour X and Y
behavioural syndrome
2 different coping styles in stressful situations
aggressive
fearful
3 points of animal welfare
- basic health and functioning (phsycially)
- well-being (affectiive state)
- appropriate conditions (naturalness)
how are we able to tell if an animal is stressed by looking at them?
sometimes physical symptoms present themselves - ex: turtles and tumors
how are we able to tell if an animal is stressed by assessing their affective state>
measured ear redness, how wide eyes are opened, angle of eyebrow, angle of ear
- happy rat when tickleed, then look at body langugae then base happiness on that
stereotypies
rhythmic, repetitive, fixed, predictable, purposeful but purposeless movements that occur in animals who are otherwise developing; behaviour that isnt getting them animal normally. Ex: lions pacing in cage
how can we imrpove affective states of our animals
by making their enviroment more natural
what are choice tests - in animal welfare slides-
the animal gets to decide what environment to live in after provided with options
when is making a natural enviroment for an aniaml not necessarily a good thing
when their natural enviroment is scary ex: chickens; would probaly be picked off and scared if in wild
do animals think?
we think so based on behaviours we see them do: rat picking perferred fruit but only when he doesn’t have to wait forever, we can see them change their mind
- planning ahead- spiders pathways to another spider
- pigeons identitfy objects vs people (controversial, may just be labelling and not conceptual image of humans ect.)
animals theory of mind
if the ominate cannot see the better food the submissive will take it because they most likely know the dominant cannot see it
theory of mind example - chimp inferential signals mother
chimp cries for mother even tho nothing is wrong - basis behaviour based on what mother will think not based on whats happening to him - he just wants attention
