Cell Biology topic 1

Question 1

What are all living being made out of?

Answer 1

• Al living organisms are made out of cells, they are the building blocks of life, and different organisms have different cell structure.

Question 2

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

These cells are smaller and simpler cells such as bacteria.

A prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell( (It’s a single celled organism).

Question 3

What are Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

• Eukaryotes cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells.
  Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cels.

Question 4

What do both of these cells contain?

Answer 4

• Both of these cells contain various cell parts called sub-cellular structures.

Question 5

Animal Cells sub-cellular structures:

Answer 5

• Nucleus: Contains genetic material that controls the activity of the cell.
  Cytoplasm; A gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control chemical reactions.

Cell Membrane: Holds the cell together and controls what goes in an out.

Mitochondria: Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration takes place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.

Ribosomes: These are were the proteins of the cell are made.

Question 6

Plant Cell Sub-cellular structures:

Answer 6

• Plants have similar structures to an animal cell in addition to extra structures.
  Cell Wall: A rigid structure made of cellulose. It supports and strengthens the cell.
  Permanent Vacuole: Contains Cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salt.

Chloroplasts: These are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.

Question 7

Sub-Cellular structures of an Bacteria Cell:

Answer 7

• Bacteria are prokaryotes.
• A Bacteria cell has cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall.
• The cell doesn’t have a “true” nucleus but has a singular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm.
• Bacteria contains one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.

Question 8

Microscopy: What is a microscope?

Answer 8

• Allows us to see things that we wouldn’t be able to see with the naked eye, Such as indivdiudal cells and their sub-cellular structures. There are 2 common types of microscopes: Light microscope and electron microscope.

Question 9

What is a light microscope?

Answer 9

• Use light and lenses to form an image of a specimen and magnify it.
• Lets us see individual cells and large sub-cellular structures, like nuclei.

Question 10

What is an electron microscope?

Answer 10

• Uses electrons instead of lights to form a image.
• Has a higher magnification than light microscopes.
• Has a higher resolution.
• Lets us see smaller things in more detail, like the internal structure of a mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Question 11

Magnification and image size and real size:

Answer 11

This is how much bigger the image of the object is than the real object.
Magnification= image size/real size.

To find the image size, you do the magnification x the real size.

To find the real size, you do the image size divided by the magnifcation.

Question 12

Conversion:

Answer 12

1mm = 1000 micrometer.

1 micro meter= 10000 nanometers.

Question 13

Estimating the size and area of cell structures:

Answer 13

• Estimate the width of the nucleus of the cell.
  1) estimate the number of times the nucleus could fit across the width of the cell.
  3) Divide the width of the cell by the number of times the nucleus would fit across it.

You can estimate the area of a sub-cellular structure by comparing it to a regular shape.