Case 2 - clinical aspects of gastric and duodenal disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are some upper GI symptoms

A

indigestion
heartburn
reflux
bloating or distention
vomiting
haematemesis
malaena
weight loss
early satiety
anorexia

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2
Q

what are some of the signs of cancer

A

early satiety (feeling full very quickly)
anorexia
vomiting
weight loss

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3
Q

what is melaena

A

passage of black, tar stool - loose motions and offensive swelling (gastrointestinal bleedIing)

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4
Q

what is obesity a sign of

A

cancer of the gastro-oesophageal junction

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5
Q

what is cachexia

A

wright loss

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6
Q

what is succussion splash

A

patients who have an obstruction - blockage to the outlet of the stomach

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7
Q

what is Virchow’s node

A

node in the left supraclavicular fossa - Troisier sign - cancer

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8
Q

what is umbilical nodule a sign of

A

gastric cancer

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9
Q

what are the tests run if there are no cancer red flags

A

Helicobacter pylori-stool antigen, urea breath test, gastric biopsy
Barium studies (establish if there are any obstructions) / USS
OGD
pH and manometry
BRAVO capsule

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10
Q

what are the tests run if there is a suspicion of malignant pathology

A

blood tests - FBC, UEs, LFTs, Iron studies
OGD
CT scan
PET-CT scan
Laparoscopy

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11
Q

what are examples of benign disease

A

gastritis
Peptic ulceration
GORD
Achalasia
Functional disorders
Crohn’s disease

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12
Q

what are the tests used for H pylori stool

A

stool antigen test - PPI will interfere with result
13 urea breath test - PPI will interfere with result
Serology - cannot distinguish active from previous infection
CLO test - biopsy during gastroscopy

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13
Q

what are complications of peptic ulceration

A

pain
Heartburn
Reflux
Bleeding - due to gastroduodenal artery or supraduodenal artery
Perforation
Stricture / obstruction
Malignancy

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14
Q

can the duodenum perforate due to a stomach ulceration

A

yes

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15
Q

what is the genetic mutation in malignancy of the stomach

A

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) CDH1

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16
Q

what is the gold standard for diagnosis

A

OGD and biopsy