Cardiovascular- EKG, HTN, Arrythmias, & phys Flashcards
Define the points of a JVP waveform
A- Atrial contraction C- ventricular contraction x- atrial relaxation V- maximal atrial filling y- atrial emptying
JVP abnormality: Isolated flattened y descent
Restriction of passive RV filling (e.g. cardiac tamponade)
JVP abnormality: Flattened y descent and prominent A wave
Obstructed RV filling due to tricuspid stenosis. (e.g. fission of tricuspid from RF)
JVP abnormality: Prominent V waves, absent x descent
Sustained elevation in RA during RV systole due to tricuspid regurgitation.
High altitude jugular venous pulsations seen intermittently at irregular intervals
Cannon A waves
Intermittent prominent A waves. Surge is due to right atrial contraction against a closed tricuspid value.
When are JVP, cannon A waves seen?
Any arrhythmia involving atrioventricular dissociation
Also commonly seen in completeatrioventricular block and frequent premature ventricular contractions
Symptoms associated with JVP cannon A waves
Headache, jaw pain, sensation of neck pulsitations
EKG: regular, wide-complex tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia
Amiodarone uses
Indicated for patients with serious ventricular arrhythmias and for rhythm control in those with a-fib and left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
ADR Amiodarone
Hepatocellular injury Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities Interstitial pneumonia is Peripheral neuropathy Skin discoloration Thyroid Dysfunction
Digoxin toxicity
Nausea Diarrhea Anorexia Confusion Visual disturbances Cardiac Arrhythmias
Prolonged PR on EKG
longer than 1 large box from the start of p.
first degree AV block
normal sinus rhythm with no ischemic changes or T wave abnormalities and a prolonged PR interval
