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Im > Cardio Nazary > Flashcards

Cardio Nazary Flashcards

1
Q

Mention preceptating factors of hf

A

2PHADI

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2
Q

La atrial myxoma cp

A

Posturak syncope
Arise from septum
Pedunculayed
Embolism

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3
Q

Mitral valve stenosiscause?

A

Causes dysphagia

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4
Q

Diference between affection of ischemia , and htn on muscle

A

Lvh concentric (thick , stiff ) muscle high bp
Ishcemia causes thin stiff muscle

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5
Q

Normal ef

A

50-70

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6
Q

Causes of left sided hf

A
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7
Q

Causes of right sided hf

A
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8
Q

Hf with normal ef

A

Diastolic failure

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9
Q

Compare systolic failure to diastolic failure

A
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10
Q

Dd of heart fail with out tackycardi

A

Hb
Digitalis , hyperkalmia
Myxemda
Ccb
Bb

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11
Q

Cp of hf

A
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12
Q

AHA stage describition

A

Strucrutal class

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13
Q

NYHa descrition

A

Functional classification

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14
Q

Classification of hf

A
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15
Q

Complications of hf

A
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16
Q

Most useful vasodilator in chronic hf

A

Arbs
Sartan

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17
Q

Conta of ace i

A
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18
Q

Furosemide site action potency

A
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19
Q

Lasix sf

A
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20
Q

Lasix sf

A
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21
Q

K sparing dirutic

A
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22
Q

Reverse progress pf lv dilataion

A

Bb

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23
Q

Mention benefits and contra of bb

A
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24
Q

Mention action of digitalis

A
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25
Q

Contra of gigtalis

A
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26
Q

Factors inc risk for toxicity and tt of toxicity

A
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27
Q

Earliest sign of toxicity of digitalis

A

GIT symptoms

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28
Q

CNS stock of digital first sign toxicity toxicity

A

Xanthopthia

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29
Q

Digital causes heart block, except

A

2nd degree

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30
Q

Type of arrhythmia caused by digital

A

Supra, ventricular tachycardia, extra stool

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31
Q

Serum level of toxicity of digital

A

More than two micro Millie

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32
Q

ECG of digital

A

ST segment depression PR prolongation

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33
Q

When hypertension is diagnosed from one visit

A

When it exceeds 180 per110

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34
Q

How to diagnose systemic hypertension

A

When elevation of the blood pressure 140 or more systolic and 90 or more diastolic

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35
Q

Hypertension is a major risk factor for

A

IHD and stroke

36
Q

What is the difference between hypertensive urgency and emergency?

A

Hypertensive urgency when the blood pressure exceeds 180/110 and no affected organ
Emergency is when organs are affected

37
Q

Mention causes of isolated systolic, hypertension

A

Increased left ventricular stroke volume as in hyperdynamic circulation
Decreased our compliance as central atherosclerosis of our in elderly

38
Q

Mention grades of isolated systolic, hypertension

A

Grade one wins systolic blood pressure is between 140 and 159 and diastolic is less than 90
Grade 2 win systolic blood pressure 160 or more

39
Q

Paroxysomal htn , palpitation sweating is, and treated with

A

Pheochromocytoma treated with Labetalol

40
Q

Hypertension with alkalosis with hypokalemia is

A

Conn syndrome

41
Q

Mention drug drugs causes secondary hyper

A

Corticosteroids cyclosporine contraceptives

42
Q

Female young age with secondary hypertension

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

43
Q

Large thick blood vessel and the heart

A

Acromegaly

44
Q

Which code is more secondary hypertension, hypo or hypothyroid?

A

Hypothyroidism

45
Q

What type of hypertension does insulin resistance do?

A

Primary hypertension

46
Q

What does excessive secretion and excessive renal sodium retention causes?

A

Primary hypertension

47
Q

New onset of hypertension below the age of 30 or above the edge of 50 is

A

Secondary hypertension

48
Q

Hypertension with polyuria, vomiting, chronic anemia

A

Chronic kidney disease

49
Q

Hypertension with gain emotional liability

A

Cushing syndrome

50
Q

What type of headache in hypertension?

51
Q

Mention causes of Labile hypertension

A

White coat and stress related

52
Q

What is hypertensive crisis?

A

Market elevation in the blood pressure when the diastolic blood pressure more than 120 or 130

53
Q

What are the target organ damage in hypertensive crisis?

A

Acute heart failure, pulmonary edema, dissecting, aortic aneurysm
Cerebral hemorrhage, hypertensive, enchephalopth

54
Q

What is Branham effect cause the by and what is it?

A

Left ventricular hypertrophy causes bulge in the interventricular septum into the right ventricle that goes right ventricular hypertrophy, and right ventricular failure

55
Q

What are the grades of hypertensive retinopathy?

A

Grade one silver wiring
Grade 2 market sclerosis
Rate three flame shaped hemorrhage, fluffy cotton exidate
Grade 4 papilledema malignant hypertension

56
Q

Mention steps of treatment of hypertensive

A

First step if the patient is less than 55 years old, we start with ace inhibitor
If the patient is more than 55 years old or black, African start with ca channel blocker
Second step put them together
Third step add thiazide
Fourth step at beta blocker

57
Q

What are hypertensive emergency complication?

A

Hypertensive inky apathy
////Stroke
Left ventricular failure
MI
Damage renal
Aortic dissection

58
Q

How to manage hypertensive emergency

A

First of all, the drugs used sodium nitro,prusside
Labetalol
ABC
Icu
Decrease blood pressure 10% in first hour
15% in the progressive 12 hours
Not less than 160 per110

59
Q

What are the only two exception for rapid reduction of blood pressure?

A

Aortic dissection, postoperative bleeding

60
Q

How to manage hypertensive enchalpathy

A

Reduce mean blood pressure by 25% within 2 hours

61
Q

What are the indicated hypertensive drugs in pregnancy?

A

Alpha methyl Dobe
Hydralazine
La betalol

62
Q

Mention the beat mill hypertensive drugs of the diabetes mellitus

A

Ace i
No dirutics or bb

63
Q

Mention drugs used in hypertensive, chronic kidney disease

A

All except ace inhibtors

64
Q

Mention the regiment of hypertension by indication, the contraindication

65
Q

First line of drug in acute renal failure

A

Russ inhibitor

66
Q

Why is beta blocker contraindicated in case of diabetes mellitus?

A

Because it mask is hypoglycemia symptoms

67
Q

Why diuretics is avoided in diabetes mellitus

A

Because it causes hyperglycemia

68
Q

What are the causes of silent MMI

A

Diabetes mellitus
Elderly
Anesthesia
Post cardiac the transplant

69
Q

Define and dimension causes of acute coronary syndrome

70
Q

How to differentiate between stable and angina , unstable,anjina , mi

71
Q

What’s meant by core pulmonal

A

Right ventricular enlargement due to chest disease plus or minus right ventricular failure

72
Q

Mention causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema

A

Left sided heart failure, and mitral stenosis

73
Q

Mention the clinical picture of cardiogenic pulmonary edema

74
Q

Went to suspect secondary hypertension

A

Age less than 30 and more than 50
Failure of three drugs or more

75
Q

Mention presentation of ischemic heart disease

A

Staple and vagina
Acute coronary syndrome
Arrhythmia
Heart failure
Sudden death

76
Q

Diagnosis of MMI criteria

A

Typical chest pain, ECG cardiac enzyme two out of three

77
Q

Mention cardiac enzymes

A

Troponin, ck-mb , ldh , ast

78
Q

Mention chronic target organ damage in hypertension

A

Cerebral atherosclerosis
Coronary
Peripheral
Renal
Hypertensive retinopathy

79
Q

Difference between malignant hypertension and accelerated hypertension

A

In malignant hypertension, there is papilledema

80
Q

New York heart Association classification of dysnea

81
Q

Mention mechanism of dynes

82
Q

Mention cardiac causes of cough

83
Q

Causes of sudden onset of dynea

84
Q

Mention causes of orthopnea

85
Q

Mention causes of acute and chronic dysnea

86
Q

Hypo or hyperthyroidism make sec htn

Im (28 decks)

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