Cardiac

Question 1

Digoxin (Digitalis)

Answer 1

Positive inotropic drug that increases cardiac contractility, increases efficiency of the heart - used for congestive heart failure and atrial arrhythmias and dogs

Question 2

Phenytoin

Answer 2

Human epileptic drug use by injection to manage digital induced arrhythmias

Question 3

Cholestyramine

Answer 3

An antidiarrheal drug that binds to digitalis in the bile ducts and reduces enterohepatic recycling

Question 4

Digoxin immune Fab

Answer 4

Binds Digoxin in the blood for toxicities

Question 5

Inodilators

Answer 5

Pimobendan
Inamrinone
Milrinone

Question 6

Pimobendan -receptor and uses?

Answer 6

Positive inotropic and vasodilator used to treat congestive heart failure and improve the quality and length of life in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic degenerative valvular disease

DO NOT use and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy!!

Question 7

Beta blockers -receptor and uses?

Answer 7

Block the effects of catecholamines and sympathetic nervous system on the heart causing vasodilation and block the renin-angiotensin II system

Question 8

Carvedilol -receptor and uses?

Answer 8

Nonselective beta blocker and alpha-1 blocker used in the treatment of congestive heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy - improves the quality of life and life span of heart failure patients

Question 9

Other agents used in congestive heart failure

Answer 9

Oxygen therapy
morphine sulfate
Aminophylline
nebulization of ethanol

Question 10

Antihypertensive drugs

Answer 10

Diuretics
beta blockers
vasodilators: ace inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists
calcium channel blockers

Question 11

Losartan-receptor and uses?

Answer 11

Angiotensin II antagonist used to treat hypertension

Question 12

Treatment for sinus bradycardia

Answer 12

Atropine

Isoproterenol

Question 13

Treatment for 2nd° AV block

Answer 13

Atropine
isoproterenol
glucagon

Question 14

Treatment for cardiac asystole

Answer 14

Epinephrine

Question 15

Treatment for atrial flutter

Answer 15

Digoxin
quinidine
procainamide
propranolol

Question 16

Treatment for atrial for fibrillation

Answer 16

Digoxin
quinidine
procainamide
propanolol

Question 17

Treatment for ventricular tachyarrhythmias

Answer 17

Quinidine
 procainamide 
lidocaine 
phenytoin 
propanolol

Question 18

Treatment for ventricular tachycardia

Answer 18

Procainamide 
lidocaine 
quinidine 
phenytoin 
propanolol

Question 19

Class one antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 19

Sodium channel blockers

Question 20

Class 1A antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 20

Prolongs the action potential- quinidine & procainamide

Question 21

Quinidine -uses?

Answer 21

Ventricular arrhythmias and drug of choice to treat atrial fibrillation in horses

Question 22

Procainamide-uses?

Answer 22

Treats ventricular arrhythmias

Question 23

Class 1B antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 23

Shortens the action potential - lidocaine, phenytoin, & propanolol

Question 24

Lidocaine- uses?

Answer 24

Used to treat ventricular tachycardia and tachyarrhythmias in emergencies in dogs and digitalis induced arrhythmias

Question 25

Phenytoin-uses?

Answer 25

Used to treat digitalis induced arrhythmias in dogs

Question 26

Propanolol-uses?

Answer 26

Used to treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, digitalis induced tachyarrhythmias, and arrhythmias due to inhalation anesthesia

Question 27

Class 1C antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 27

No effect on action potential- used for long-term refractory arrhythmias

Question 28

Class 2 Antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 28

Beta blockers

Question 29

Beta blockers as antiarrhythmic drugs-uses?

Answer 29

Used to treat mild or moderate congestive heart failure and hypertension and supra and ventricular arrhythmias in cats and hyperthyroid cats Drug of choice for arrhythmias and cats and hyperthyroid cats

Question 30

Class III antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 30

Potassium channel blockers

Question 31

Potassium channel blockers

Answer 31

Prolong the action potential duration - used for the treatment of long-term refractory arrhythmias

Question 32

Potassium channel blockers

Answer 32

Bretylium Amiodarone Sotalol

Question 33

Class 4 antiarrhythmic drugs

Answer 33

Calcium channel blockers- verapamil & diltiazem

Question 34

Calcium channel blockers -receptor and uses?

Answer 34

Inhibit calcium channels in blood vessels causing vasodilation for hypertension - used to treat supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and myocardial hypertrophy in cats

Question 35

What drug is used to treat myocardial hypertrophy in cats?

Answer 35

Diltiazem

Question 36

What drugs are the drug of choice for supra and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in cats?

Answer 36

Beta blockers

Question 37

What drug is the first line of antihypertensives in cat unless caused by hyperthyroidism?

Answer 37

Amlodipine

Question 38

What drug is a drug of choice to treat atrial fibrillations in horses?

Answer 38

Quinidine

Question 39

What drugs are used to treat ischemic heart disease or angina?

Answer 39

Beta blockers or calcium channel blockers

Question 40

Arterial vasodilator

Answer 40

Hydralazine

Question 41

Venous vasodilator

Answer 41

Nitrates

Question 42

Vasodilators

Answer 42

``` nonselective Alpha blockers selective alpha-1 blockers presynaptic alpha-2 agonist nonselective beta blockers selective beta-1 blockers beta and alpha 1 blockers ```

Question 43

What are the best vasodilators used in the treatment of congestive heart failure?

Answer 43

ACE inhibitors

Question 44

ACE Inhibitors-receptor and uses?

Answer 44

Inhibit angiotensin II and aldosterone - used in the treatment of congestive heart failure, hypertension, and chronic renal insufficiency in cats

Question 45

What is the drug of choice for hypertension and dogs?

Answer 45

ACE inhibitors

Question 46

ACE inhibitors

Answer 46

Captopril Enalapril Benazepril Lisinopril

Question 47

Vasoconstrictors

Answer 47

Nonselective agonists: epinephrine norepinephrine selective alpha-1 agonist: Phenylephrine direct and indirect sympathomimetics: ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine

Question 48

Cardiac stimulants

Answer 48

Parasympatholytics Sympathomimetics -beta-1 agonists caffeine derivatives glucagon