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RUSVM Pharmacology 2016 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Digoxin (Digitalis)

A

Positive inotropic drug that increases cardiac contractility, increases efficiency of the heart - used for congestive heart failure and atrial arrhythmias and dogs

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2
Q

Phenytoin

A

Human epileptic drug use by injection to manage digital induced arrhythmias

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3
Q

Cholestyramine

A

An antidiarrheal drug that binds to digitalis in the bile ducts and reduces enterohepatic recycling

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4
Q

Digoxin immune Fab

A

Binds Digoxin in the blood for toxicities

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5
Q

Inodilators

A

Pimobendan
Inamrinone
Milrinone

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6
Q

Pimobendan -receptor and uses?

A

Positive inotropic and vasodilator used to treat congestive heart failure and improve the quality and length of life in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic degenerative valvular disease

DO NOT use and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy!!

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7
Q

Beta blockers -receptor and uses?

A

Block the effects of catecholamines and sympathetic nervous system on the heart causing vasodilation and block the renin-angiotensin II system

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8
Q

Carvedilol -receptor and uses?

A

Nonselective beta blocker and alpha-1 blocker used in the treatment of congestive heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy - improves the quality of life and life span of heart failure patients

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9
Q

Other agents used in congestive heart failure

A

Oxygen therapy
morphine sulfate
Aminophylline
nebulization of ethanol

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10
Q

Antihypertensive drugs

A

Diuretics
beta blockers
vasodilators: ace inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists
calcium channel blockers

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11
Q

Losartan-receptor and uses?

A

Angiotensin II antagonist used to treat hypertension

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12
Q

Treatment for sinus bradycardia

A

Atropine

Isoproterenol

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13
Q

Treatment for 2nd° AV block

A

Atropine
isoproterenol
glucagon

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14
Q

Treatment for cardiac asystole

A

Epinephrine

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15
Q

Treatment for atrial flutter

A

Digoxin
quinidine
procainamide
propranolol

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16
Q

Treatment for atrial for fibrillation

A

Digoxin
quinidine
procainamide
propanolol

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17
Q

Treatment for ventricular tachyarrhythmias

A 
Quinidine
 procainamide 
lidocaine 
phenytoin 
propanolol
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18
Q

Treatment for ventricular tachycardia

A 
Procainamide 
lidocaine 
quinidine 
phenytoin 
propanolol
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19
Q

Class one antiarrhythmic drugs

A

Sodium channel blockers

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20
Q

Class 1A antiarrhythmic drugs

A

Prolongs the action potential- quinidine & procainamide

21
Q

Quinidine -uses?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias and drug of choice to treat atrial fibrillation in horses

22
Q

Procainamide-uses?

A

Treats ventricular arrhythmias

23
Q

Class 1B antiarrhythmic drugs

A

Shortens the action potential - lidocaine, phenytoin, & propanolol

24
Q

Lidocaine- uses?

A

Used to treat ventricular tachycardia and tachyarrhythmias in emergencies in dogs and digitalis induced arrhythmias

25
Q

Phenytoin-uses?

A

Used to treat digitalis induced arrhythmias in dogs

26
Q

Propanolol-uses?

A

Used to treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, digitalis induced tachyarrhythmias, and arrhythmias due to inhalation anesthesia

27
Q

Class 1C antiarrhythmic drugs

A

No effect on action potential- used for long-term refractory arrhythmias

28
Q

Class 2 Antiarrhythmic drugs

A

Beta blockers

29
Q

Beta blockers as antiarrhythmic drugs-uses?

A

Used to treat mild or moderate congestive heart failure and hypertension and supra and ventricular arrhythmias in cats and hyperthyroid cats

Drug of choice for arrhythmias and cats and hyperthyroid cats

30
Q

Class III antiarrhythmic drugs

A

Potassium channel blockers

31
Q

Potassium channel blockers

A

Prolong the action potential duration - used for the treatment of long-term refractory arrhythmias

32
Q

Potassium channel blockers

A

Bretylium
Amiodarone
Sotalol

33
Q

Class 4 antiarrhythmic drugs

A

Calcium channel blockers- verapamil & diltiazem

34
Q

Calcium channel blockers -receptor and uses?

A

Inhibit calcium channels in blood vessels causing vasodilation for hypertension - used to treat supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and myocardial hypertrophy in cats

35
Q

What drug is used to treat myocardial hypertrophy in cats?

A

Diltiazem

36
Q

What drugs are the drug of choice for supra and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in cats?

A

Beta blockers

37
Q

What drug is the first line of antihypertensives in cat unless caused by hyperthyroidism?

A

Amlodipine

38
Q

What drug is a drug of choice to treat atrial fibrillations in horses?

A

Quinidine

39
Q

What drugs are used to treat ischemic heart disease or angina?

A

Beta blockers or calcium channel blockers

40
Q

Arterial vasodilator

A

Hydralazine

41
Q

Venous vasodilator

A

Nitrates

42
Q

Vasodilators

A 
nonselective Alpha blockers 
selective alpha-1 blockers 
presynaptic alpha-2 agonist 
nonselective beta blockers
selective beta-1 blockers 
beta and alpha 1 blockers
43
Q

What are the best vasodilators used in the treatment of congestive heart failure?

A

ACE inhibitors

44
Q

ACE Inhibitors-receptor and uses?

A

Inhibit angiotensin II and aldosterone - used in the treatment of congestive heart failure, hypertension, and chronic renal insufficiency in cats

45
Q

What is the drug of choice for hypertension and dogs?

A

ACE inhibitors

46
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Captopril
Enalapril
Benazepril
Lisinopril

47
Q

Vasoconstrictors

A

Nonselective agonists: epinephrine norepinephrine
selective alpha-1 agonist: Phenylephrine
direct and indirect sympathomimetics: ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine

48
Q

Cardiac stimulants

A

Parasympatholytics
Sympathomimetics -beta-1 agonists
caffeine derivatives
glucagon

RUSVM Pharmacology 2016 (15 decks)

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