Analgesia Flashcards
Lidocaine- receptors and use?
Large animal local and systemic anesthetic used to control ventricular arrhythmias, adjunctive analgesia, GI prokinetic, and anti inflammatory
Bupivacaine - use and cautions?
Large animal local anesthetic - MOST CARDIOTOXIC
Mepivacaine- use?
Diagnostic nerve block in horses
Procaine - cautions
Toxic- can cause CNS stimulation - DONT GIVE IV!!
Proparacaine- use?
Topical ophthalmic that allows for corneal and conjunctival manipulation
NSAIDs - receptors and use?
Inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes for anti inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic effects, anti thrombotic effects, and anti neoplastic effects
COX-1
Production of prostaglandins that play an important role in normal homeostasis
COX-2
Inducible prostaglandins produced during inflammation
COX-1 selective inhibitors
Acetylcalicylic acid
non specific COX inhibitors
Flunixin
phenylbutazone
ketoprofen
COX-2 preferential inhibitors
Deracoxib
Carprofen
Meloxicam
COX-2 selective inhibitors
Firocoxib
Robenacoxib
Flunixin Meglumine “Banamine” - use?
Soft tissue disease in horses and CATTLE
ONLY NSAID labeled in cattle
DO NOT use in small animal
Phenylbutazone “Bute” - use?
Used for musculoskeletal pain in horses
NOT LABELED IN CATTLE!
Carprofen, Meloxicam, Deracoxib - receptors and use?
COX-2 preferential for use in small animals as analgesic and anti inflammatory
Firocoxib and Robenacoxib - use?
Firocoxib- paste in horses and chewable in dogs
Robenacoxib - ONLY product labeled for multiple IV doses in cats
Tramadol - receptors and use?
Weak mu agonist and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, M1 antagonist - used an an oral analgesia
AVOID IN EPILEPTIC PATIENTS!!
Gabapentin- receptors and use?
Alters the calcium influx in neuronal cells - used for the control of neuropathic pain
Amantadine - receptors and use?
NMDA antagonist - used as a adjunctive analgesic in small animals
Other anti inflammatory & chondroprotective drugs:
Glucosamine chondroitin
Polysulfated gylcoaminoglycans
pentosan polysulfate
Omega 3 fatty acids
Local anesthetics - mechanism of actions and use?
Block the propagation of an action potential by inhibiting the flux of sodium through voltage-dependent sodium channels used for minor procedures, lameness localization, pre-and post analgesia for surgery, operative analgesia, and the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias
