Carboxylic Acids & Esters 6.1.3 Flashcards
What is a Carboxyl group?
COOH
Are Carboxylic Acids soluble in water?
Yes.
Ay they can form H bonds
What affects the solubility of Carboxylic Acids?
The length of the chain.
The longer the chain the less soluble.
As a result of the increasing non-polar chain, which cannot interact with water molecules.
What is Esterification?
When a Carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol in the presence of a concentrated H2SO4 which acts as a catalyst.
What is the equation for Esterification?
Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol → Ester + Water
RCOOH + rOH → RCOOr + H2O
What are uses of Esters?
Perfumes
Flavourings
Essential Oils
Adhesives
How are Esters named?
The alcohol is put first with “yl” on the end. Then the name of the acid with “oate” on the end.
eg:
Methanol and Propanoic Acid → Methyl Propanoate
What is a Acid Anhydride?
A molecule with the functional group containing a two carbon chains connected by an O, and where each end C has an O double bonded to it.
What is the equation for producing a Ester from an Acid Anhydride?
Acid Anhydride + Alcohol → Ester + Carboxylic Acid
What happens to an Ester when Hydrolysed.
The Ester heated in the presence of water (or OH-), breaking it to produce a Carboxylic Acid (or Carboxylic salt is NaOH or similar) and an Alcohol.
What does Hydrolysis roughly translate to?
Breaking with water
Thus showing that the reaction is breaking a molecule in the presence of water.
What is an Acyl Chloride?
AKA Acid Chloride.
RCOCl
What are the reactions of an Acyl Chloride with Nucleophiles?
Acyl Chloride + H2O → Carboxylic acid + HCl
Acyl Chloride + ROH → Ester + HCl
Acyl Chloride + 2(NH3) → Primary Amide + NH4Cl
Acyl Chloride + Primary Amide → Secondary Amide + Amide Chloride.
What is the Catalyst and Conditions for Esterification?
Warm
H2SO4
