Amines & Amino Acids 6.2.1 & 6.2.2

Question 1

What is the general formula for a Primary Amine?

Answer 1

R-NH2

Question 2

How are Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Amines classified?

Answer 2

Primary: the N connects to only 1 C
Secondary: the N connects to 2 C’s
Tertiary: the N connects to 3 C’s

Question 3

How do Amines Hydrogen bond?

Answer 3

The lone pair on the N H-bonds with a H (eg in H2O)

A H attached to a N can H-bond with O (eg in H2O)

Question 4

Are Amines Acidic or Basic?

Answer 4

Basic

The lone pair works as a proton acceptor.

Question 5

How do Amines react with Acids?

Answer 5

Amine + Acid → Salt

eg. R-NH2 + HCl → R-NH3(+)Cl(-)

Question 6

How can Amines be produced from Haloalkanes?

Answer 6

Haloalkane + Alcoholic Ammonia → Amine + Acid (or salt as acid and Amine can react)
eg.C2H5Br + NH3 (aq/alc) → C2H5NH2 + HBr (or C2H5NH3(+)Br(-)
Nuclephilic Substitution
Reflux under pressure

Question 7

How can Amines be produced from Aromatic Nitro Compounds?

Answer 7

Aromatic Nitro + 6[H} → Aromatic Amine + Water
eg. C6H5NO2 + 6[H] → C6H5NH2 + 2H2O
Reduction

Question 8

What is the process for producing Aromatic Amines?

Answer 8

Aromatic nitro + concentrated HCl with a Tin catalyst produces an aromatic ring with a NH3+. This is due to the concentrated HCl, which is neutralised using NaOH producing the NH2 group.

Question 9

What is the reaction which transforms Nitriles to Amines?

Answer 9

Nitrile + 2H2 → Amine
Uses a Ni catalyst.
Reduction.

Question 10

What is an Amino Acid?

Answer 10

A molecule which contains both an Amine (NH2) group and Carboxylic (COOH) group.

Question 11

What is special about Amino Acids?

Answer 11

They can react with both acids and bases.

Due to the NH2 being a base and COOH being acidic

Question 12

What is an Amide?

Answer 12

An organic molecule which conatins a N connected to a carboxyl group C

Question 13

What is the naming convention for Secondary Amides?

Answer 13

The short chain is named first with “yl” at the end.
The long chain is named second with “amide” at the end.
At the beginning of the entire name there is a “N” to signify it is a Secondary amide.

Question 14

What is an Opical Isomer?

Answer 14

Molecules with the same formula but different layouts which cannot be rotated to show the same layout.
They contain Chiral centres.

Question 15

What is a Chiral Centre?

Answer 15

A point in the molecule which has 4 different groups bonded to a C atom.
They are marked with an asterisk.
They are required for a molecule to have optical isomers.