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A Level Chemistry > Alcohols & Haloaklanes 4.2.1 & 4.2.2 > Flashcards

Alcohols & Haloaklanes 4.2.1 & 4.2.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How are Alcohols classified?

A

Primary:
The carbon the OH is attached to only connects to one other carbon.
Secondary:
The carbon the OH is attached to connects to two other carbons.
Tertiary:
The carbon the OH is attached to connects to three other carbons.

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2
Q

How is an Aldehyde produced?

A

Distilation of a primary alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate

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3
Q

How is a Carboxylic Acid produced?

A

Reflux of a primary alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate

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4
Q

How is a Ketone produed?

A

Reflux of a secondary alcohol with acidified potassium dichromate

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5
Q

What is the Functional Group of an Aldehyde?

A

C=O

But they have COH at end of structure

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6
Q

What is the Functional Group of a Carboxylic Acid?

A

C=O

But have COOH at end of structure

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7
Q

What is the Functional Group of a Ketone?

A

C=O

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8
Q

What are Physical properties of Alcohols?

A

Flammable

Can Hydrogen bond

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9
Q

What is Reflux?

A

Continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure the reaction goes to completion without the mixture boiling dry

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10
Q

What is Distillation?

A

The technique of heating a liquid to create vapour, which is collected when cooled seperate from the original mixture

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11
Q

What is the Oxidising agent for Distillation and Reflux of Alcohols?

A

Acidified Potassium Dichromate

K2Cr2O7 / H+

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12
Q

what is Elimination of Water?

A

Also known as Dehydration

When an alcohol is heated with a catalyst (H2SO4) to form an alkene.

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13
Q

How do Alcohols react with Halide ions in the presence of an acid?

A

The alcohol group and the halide are substitued.

eg. CH3C(CH3)2OH + HCl → CH3C(CH3)2Cl + H2O

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14
Q

What are Haloalkanes?

A

Alkanes which posese at least one Halide instead of a hydrogen

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15
Q

What is a Nucleophile?

A

A species which can donate a pair of electrons

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16
Q

What happens in Nucleophilic Substitution?

A

A halide within a haloalkane is substituted for an alcohol group

17
Q

What is Hydrolysis?

A

A reaction with water or OH- ions that breaks a compound into two compounds

18
Q

What are CFCs?

A

Chloro-Flouro-Carbons

19
Q

What can CFCs be used for?

A

Refrigerant (gas in fridges and air con)
Aerosols
Dry Cleaning

20
Q

What are Problems with CFCs?

A

They deplete ozone

Thus letting a far greater amount of UV in to the atmosphere.

21
Q

How is Atom Economy calculated?

A

(Mass of desired product / Total mass of products) x 100

22
Q

What is a good Atom Economy?

A

High atom economy as it means there are fewer bi-products. (therefore less waste)

A Level Chemistry (28 decks)

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