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a level chemistry > Bonding 2.2.2 > Flashcards

Bonding 2.2.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Ionic Bonding?

A

Bonding where a metal bonds with a non-metal.

The Metal atom donates one or more electrons to the non-metal

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2
Q

What are Properties of Ionic Bonds?

A

High Melting points (strong electro-static forces)
High Boiling points (strong electro-static forces)
Conductive as liquids or aqueous (mobile ions)
Soluble in polar solutions (ions attracted to polarity of molecules)

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3
Q

What is Covelant Bonding?

A

Bonding between a two non-metals

The electrons are “shared” to achive a full outer shell

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4
Q

What is “expanding the octet”?

A

When an element can accept over 8 electrons in their outer-shell when convelant bonding.
This is achived through filling the d sub-shell with the new electrons

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5
Q

Which elements can “expand their octet”?

A

P, As
S,Se,Te
Cl,Br,I,At

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6
Q

What is “reducing the octet”?

A

When an atom can gain stability with less than 8 electrons in its outer-shell

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7
Q

What elements can “reduce their octet”?

A

B,Be,Al

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8
Q

What is a Lone Pair?

A

Pairs of electrons in the outer-shell which are not used in bonding

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9
Q

What can a Lone Pair cause?

A

Diative bonding

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10
Q

What are Properties of Simple Covelant Structures?

A

Low Boiling point (Weak forces between molecules)
Low Melting point (Weak forces between molecules)
Non-conductive (no delocalised electrons)

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11
Q

What are Properties of Giant Covelant Structures?

A 
HighBoiling point (Strong forces between molecules)
High Melting point (Strong forces between molecules)
Non-conductive (no delocalised electrons)
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12
Q

What is Metallic Bonding?

A

Bonding between two metals

Caused by attraction between electrons and nucleus

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13
Q

What are Properties of Metallic Bonding?

A

Malleable (atoms easily slide without breaking bonds)
Conductive (sea of delocalised electrons)
High Melting point (Strong electro-static forces)
High Boiling point (Strong electro-static forces)

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14
Q

What type of molecule has 2 Bonding Pairs and 0 Lone Pairs? And what is its bond angle?

A

Linear

180°

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15
Q

What type of molecule has 3 Bonding Pairs and 0 Lone Pairs? And what is its bond angle?

A

Trigonal Planar

120°

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16
Q

What type of molecule has 4 Bonding Pairs and 0 Lone Pairs? And what is its bond angle?

A

Tetrahedral

109.5°

17
Q

What type of molecule has 6 Bonding Pairs and 0 Lone Pairs? And what is its bond angle?

A

Octahedral

90°

18
Q

What type of molecule has 3 Bonding Pairs and 1 Lone Pairs? And what is its bond angle?

A

Pyramidal

107°

19
Q

What type of molecule has 2 Bonding Pairs and 2 Lone Pairs? And what is its bond angle?

A

Angular

104.5°

a level chemistry (28 decks)

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