Carbohydrates- Sugar

Question 1

What is a simple sugar?

Answer 1

Monosaccharides

Question 2

What does carbohydrates contain?

Answer 2

Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Question 3

What are the three main group of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides, disaccharide, polysaccharide.

Question 4

What is isomers?

Answer 4

Molecules with the same formula but arranged differently/ different pattern.

Question 5

What are the isomers of glucose?
What are the difference between the two glucose isomers?

Answer 5

Alpha and beta glucose
Alpha: The h atom is above carbon 1
Beta: The OH group is above carbon 1

Question 6

What are the 5 monosaccharides with different number of carbons atoms/ types of sugar?

Answer 6

Triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose, heptose

Question 7

What are the pentose sugar? 2

Answer 7

Ribose, deoxyribose

Question 8

What are the hexose sugar? 4

Answer 8

Alpha beta glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 9

How are disaccharide made?
With what bond?
What is the reaction called?

Answer 9

Two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond in a condensation reaction.

Question 10

What makes (disaccharide) maltose made from ?
E.g

Answer 10

A-glucose + A-glucose
Honey

Question 11

What makes (disaccharide) sucrose made from ?
E.g

Answer 11

A-glucose + fructose
Sugar

Question 12

What makes (disaccharide) lactose made from ?
E.g

Answer 12

B-galactose + A-glucose
Milk

Question 13

What makes (disaccharide) cellobiose made from ?
E.g

Answer 13

B-glucose + B-glucose
Veg/ honey

Question 14

what are polysaccharides?

Answer 14

Many monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond in a condensation reaction.

Question 15

What are the three main polysaccharides?

Answer 15

Starch, glycogen, Cellulose

Question 16

Two structures for starch?

Answer 16

Amylose, amylopectin

Question 17

What is the structure of amylose?
Joined with what bond?

Answer 17

Straight chain of alpha glucose joined together by a 1-4 glycosidic bond

Question 18

Structure of amylopectin?
Joined by a?

Answer 18

Branches of alpha glucose molecule joined together by a alpha (1-4) and alpha (1-6) glycosidic bond

Question 19

Property’s of starch?

Answer 19

Insoluble in water, used as energy storage.

Question 20

How/ why is starch stored in plants?

Answer 20

How- through grains of starch in organelles such as palisades.
Why- so it can be broken down by hydrolysis during respiration to provide energy.

Question 21

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 21

Breaking a glycosidic bond and adding H2O. To use for respiration

Question 22

What is the difference between glycogen and starch?

Answer 22

Glycogen are a store of carbohydrates.

Question 23

What is the structure of glycogen?

Answer 23

Similar to amylopectin but more branches. Alpha (1-6) and alpha (1-4) glycosidic bond.

Question 24

Where is glycogen found in animals? 2

Answer 24

Muscle and liver cells.

Question 25

Difference between glycogen and starch in terms of reaction and size?

Answer 25

Glycogen is broken down rapidly (hydrolysis) so quicker release, more soluble