Carbohydrates- Sugar Flashcards
What is a simple sugar?
Monosaccharides
What does carbohydrates contain?
Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
What are the three main group of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides, disaccharide, polysaccharide.
What is isomers?
Molecules with the same formula but arranged differently/ different pattern.
What are the isomers of glucose?
What are the difference between the two glucose isomers?
Alpha and beta glucose
Alpha: The h atom is above carbon 1
Beta: The OH group is above carbon 1
What are the 5 monosaccharides with different number of carbons atoms/ types of sugar?
Triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose, heptose
What are the pentose sugar? 2
Ribose, deoxyribose
What are the hexose sugar? 4
Alpha beta glucose, fructose, galactose
How are disaccharide made?
With what bond?
What is the reaction called?
Two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond in a condensation reaction.
What makes (disaccharide) maltose made from ?
E.g
A-glucose + A-glucose
Honey
What makes (disaccharide) sucrose made from ?
E.g
A-glucose + fructose
Sugar
What makes (disaccharide) lactose made from ?
E.g
B-galactose + A-glucose
Milk
What makes (disaccharide) cellobiose made from ?
E.g
B-glucose + B-glucose
Veg/ honey
what are polysaccharides?
Many monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond in a condensation reaction.
What are the three main polysaccharides?
Starch, glycogen, Cellulose
Two structures for starch?
Amylose, amylopectin
What is the structure of amylose?
Joined with what bond?
Straight chain of alpha glucose joined together by a 1-4 glycosidic bond
Structure of amylopectin?
Joined by a?
Branches of alpha glucose molecule joined together by a alpha (1-4) and alpha (1-6) glycosidic bond
Property’s of starch?
Insoluble in water, used as energy storage.
How/ why is starch stored in plants?
How- through grains of starch in organelles such as palisades.
Why- so it can be broken down by hydrolysis during respiration to provide energy.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Breaking a glycosidic bond and adding H2O. To use for respiration
What is the difference between glycogen and starch?
Glycogen are a store of carbohydrates.
What is the structure of glycogen?
Similar to amylopectin but more branches. Alpha (1-6) and alpha (1-4) glycosidic bond.
Where is glycogen found in animals? 2
Muscle and liver cells.
