3.2 Transport In Animal Flashcards
What are 3 factors that influence the need for transport system?
-S, S:V, M
- size
- surface area to volume ratio
- level of metabolic activity
When doing metabolic activity what respiration is required?
A
what do we need a good supply of?
N, O,E
- Aerobic respiration
- Nutrients, Oxygen and Energy
What is the circuit of the single circulatory system?
- why is it single blood flows through.. (Heart)?
- Heart- gills- body- heart
- Blood flow through heart once
What is the two circuits of the double circulatory system called?
P, S
what does it entail?
- 🫁 - carries O+N around B to 🤧
Pulmonary circulation: Carries blood to lungs to pick oxygen
Systemic: Carries oxygen and nutrients around the body to the tissues.
What is open circulatory system?
-vessels
How does this affect its diffusion pathway?
-tissues bathed in B
-Blood is not held within blood vessels
- Tissues and cells directly bathed in blood, less diffusion pathway
What is a closed circulatory system?
- held vessels
- where blood is held with vessels
Why is it an advantage to have a high pressure for blood flow?
🚄
What does this do to the rate of diffusion?
- blood flows more quickly allowing a faster rate of diffusion.
What does the circulatory system have to do effectively? (E.g advantages of open circulatory system)
- rate🩸
- O&N delivery
- removal of 💨& w🚮
- transport 🩸 ≠ to movement
- high blood flow rate
- rapid delivery of oxygen and nutrients
- rapid removal of CO2 and other waste
- transport is independent of body movements
Does arteries have high or low pressure?
What would the size of the walls be?
Is lumen small or large? in order to what? M
High-pressure
Thick wall to withstand the pressure
Lumen is small in order to maintain the pressure
What does the arterials connect?
Arteries to capillaries
How is tissue fluid formed? Bp
Why does tissue fluid form? O &N
Three blood plasma leaking from capillaries
To provide oxygen and nutrients body cells require
What does hydrostatic pressure do? Push
And where is it found?
A
- pushes the blood fluid out capillaries
- arterial end
What does the tendinous chords do?
-inside out.. when v w contracts
Prevent vowels from turning inside out when ventricle wall contracts
What is the purpose of the septum in a mammalian heart?
- separates the left side of the heart and the deoxygenated blood in the right side
What are the single units of cardiac muscle? S
What separates theses? I 💿
Sarcomeres
Intercalated discs
What is the pathway for wave of excitation?
SAN - AVN- atria systole- ventricle systole - diastole
What does the waves of excitation represent e.g P, Q, R, S, T
P wave- Atrial systole
Q, R, S wave- Ventricular systole
T wave- diastole
How to calculate heart beats per minute?
Time from P wave to the next P wave
—————————————————
60 sec
What is bradycardia?
- heart rhythm
- slow heart rhythm
What is Tachycardia?
🏃♀️🚄
Rapid heart rhythm
What is ectopic heartbeat?
Heartbeat is missed
How many molecules of oxygen can each haemoglobin carry?
Up to 4
Does fetal haemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen or a low affinity for oxygen compared to adult haemoglobin?
Has a higher affinity for oxygen
What three ways is carbon dioxide transported?
5% p
10% carbaminohaemoglobin
85% in form of H..
5% dissolve directly in plasma
10% combined with haemoglobin
85% transported inform of HCO3-
