3.1 Exchange Surfaces And Breathing

Question 1

What are intercostal muscles?
- muscles between r..

What do the external intercostal muscle do?
- raise what

Answer 1

• Muscles between the ribs
• External intercostal muscles contracts to raise rib cage

Question 2

What does the wall of both alveoli and capillaries consist of?
S

Answer 2

Squamous cells (flattened)

Question 3

What does the blood supply enable?
- in terms of conc gradient

Answer 3

• maintains a steep concentration gradient

Question 4

How can we maintain the concentration gradient in the blood and air filled alveoli?
- ensuring co2 is ⬆️

Answer 4

• The oxygenated blood comes to the lungs
• ensure the concentration of CO2 is higher in the blood

Question 5

What happens during inspiration to the:
- diaphragm
- external intercostal muscles
- volume of chest cavity
- where is the air moving to?

Answer 5

• diaphragm becomes flatter and contracts
• external intercoastal muscles raise the ribs
• Volume of the chest cavity increases
• Air is moved into the lungs

Question 6

During expiration, what happens to the external intercostal muscle?
-ribs

Answer 6

The external intercostal, muscles, relax, and ribs fall

Question 7

What is the alveolus wall made out of that is not squamous cells?
- Action of breathing in an out recoil? EF

Answer 7

Elastic fibers

Question 8

What does goblet cells release and what do they trap? p

Answer 8

• they release mucus and trap pathogens

Question 9

What does smooth muscle do in the alveoli?
- Cons, Cont

Answer 9

• Can constrict airways
• causing them to contract

Question 10

How to calculate breathing rate/ what is breathing rate?

-No of

Answer 10

Number of breaths per minute

Question 11

What is tidal volume?
- stress I or e

Answer 11

The volume of an inhaled or exhaled in one breath

Question 12

What is the vital capacity?

• Greatest volume e

Answer 12

The greatest volume of air exhaled from the lungs after taking deepest breath possible?

Question 13

What is residual volume?

Answer 13

Volume of air remained in the lungs even after forced expiration

Question 14

What is insects exoskeleton called?

Ch

Answer 14

Chitin

Question 15

What tubes do spiracles lead to in insects?
T, T

Answer 15

-trachea
-fine tubes called tracheoles

Question 16

What does the tracheoles do?

• provide.. to ..directly from

Answer 16

• they provide oxygen directly to the cells through the spiracle

Question 17

How does insects during oxygen exchange have high surface areas?

• large am

Answer 17

Large amount of tracheoles throughout their body

Question 18

How is the tracheal fluid released?

• a respiration..produce LA.. water..
• providing SA .. released

Answer 18

• aerobic respiration produces lactic acid. The cells have lower water potential and trial fluid is released to cells
• this provides a higher surface area as tracheal fluid is released

Question 19

How can insect increase oxygen to their cells? What does this cause AS
- changing volume of T, A

• Squeeze

Answer 19

Changing the volume of the thorax and abdomen

cause air sacs to squeeze and move air from them to tracheoles

Question 20

How else can insects use their air sacs? And for?

• S close

Answer 20

When spiracles are closed for water conservation