5.6 Photosynthesis Flashcards
What is the general formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2+ 6H2O + energy from photons -> C6H12O6 +6O2
What is a photon?
Particle of light
What are organisms called that photosynthesize
Photoautrops
What is Autrophic Nutrience?
C energy -> synthesize
Organisms that use chemical energy to synthesize large organic molecules from small inorganic molecules e.g H2O & CO2
Why is photosynthesis a form of carbon fixation?
What does it require/not require?
-Inorganic carbon (CO2) is converted to organic compounds (oxygen)
-light dependent/ independent
Is photosynthesis endo or exothereminc does it release or require energy?
It is Endothermic
The process requires energy
Why do Photoautotrops (organism that photosynthesize e.g plants) use respiration?
So the organic molecules that were synthesized can release energy
What is the compensation point?
Net
The net gain or loss of O2
What is the compensation period?
How long it takes to reach the compensation point
What does the peak mean in compensation graph?
Op
Optimum rate of photosynthesis
Name 6 things that is in the structure of chloroplasts
-intergranal lamellae
- grana
- thylakoids
- outer membrane
- inner membrane
- stomata
Within the thylakoid there are pigments. What are those pigments called?
Where is the pigments located in within the thylakoids? And shape?
- Photosynthetic pigments
- Photo system - funnel like shape
Name the 3 steps that occur in the photosystem within the thylakoids that reflects the wavelength of light along with its colour?
- Pigments in the photosystem absorb the wavelength and reflects the wavelength of light
-each pigment appears in our eyes and brains. The colour of the wavelength of light is reflecting.
What are the two types of chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
What colour does chlorophyll a appear? 2
What two colors does it absorb? 2
Blue or green
Mostly red light some blue light
What colour does chlorophyll b appear? 2
-Green or yellow
At the end of light dependent reaction (thylakoids) what does it produce?
What is the by product?
-ATP, reduced NADP
-Oxygen
Explain what happens during photolysis?
What are the products?
-In presence of light, an enzyme on PS11 splits water into
- protons~ H+
- electrons~ e-
- oxygen~ O2
What are the two things that oxygen is used for? And their outcomes if used?
-Aerobic respiration- use oxygen
-Photosynthesis- high light energy- Oxygen is a by product
What is photophosphorylation?
Generation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate in presence of light.
What are the two types of photophosphorylation?
What are the differences?
-Cyclic and Non- cyclic
-Non Cyclic involves PS11 and PS1. Produce: ATP and reduced NADP.
- Cyclic involves PS1. Produce: smaller amount of ATP.
What are the steps that occur during non-cyclic photophosphorylation to get to the point where electrons release energy as they passed along thylakoid membrane.
- photon of light strikes PS11, this excites pair of electrons.
- The energised electrons escapes chlorophyll molecule and is captured by electrons carriers in the thylakoid membrane.
- These electrons are replaced by electrons derived from photolysis.
- Electrons are passed through the thylakoid membrane by passing from carrier to carrier through reduction and oxidation reactions
- As electrons pass through thylakoid membrane they release energy.
During non-cyclic photophosph -orylation after electrons release energy what are the next steps to when proton gradient is formed.
- The energy is used to pump protons from the thylakoid membrane to the thylakoid space.
- Eventually electrons are captured by another molecule of chlorophyll a in PS1. These electrons replace those lost from excitation in PS1.
- Ferredoxin accepts the electron from PS1 and passes it to NADP in the stroma.
- Protons accumulate in the thylakoid space it creates a proton gradient across the membrane.
During non-cyclic photophos -phorylation after creating a proton gradient what are the final steps?
- Protons diffuse out through channels associated with ATP synthase.
- As they do so the flow of protons causes ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) to join forming ATP.
- As the protons pass through the channel they are accepted along with electrons (that ferrodoxin passed) by NADP, to form a reduced NADP, reduction is catalysed by the reduction of NADP reductase.
