5.4 Pancreas

Question 1

Where does the exocrine secret substances to?

Where does endocrine secret substances to?

Answer 1

The blood

Ducts

Question 2

What is the endocrine group of cells called? ( the cells outside the islet of langerhans) A

Answer 2

Acinus

Question 3

Where does the enzymes go from the acinus ducts? Duo

What/ where is this structure?

Answer 3

Duodenum

First part of the small intestine

Question 4

What three enzymes does it release?
- P A
- T
- L

Answer 4

• Pancreatic amylase
• Trypsinogen
• Lipase

Question 5

What does pancreatic amylase digesting what and what to?

Answer 5

• Amylose to maltose

Question 6

What is trypsinogen? Inactive pr..

What is it converted to? When entering the ..?

Answer 6

-Inactive protease

• converted to active trypsin when it enters the duodenum

Question 7

What does lipase do?

Answer 7

Digests lipid molecules

Question 8

What does the beta cell in pancreas secrete?

What does the alpha cells secrete?

Answer 8

-Glucagon

• Insulin

Question 9

When releasing insulin what channels are located around the cell?

Answer 9

Potassium and calcium channels

Question 10

When glucose is too high in what will it do relating to the cell? What is metabolised into?

Answer 10

• enters the cell
• metabolised into ATP

Question 11

What is the difference in pancreas islet of langerhans between the calcium and potassium ion channel?

Answer 11

• potassium ion channel is normally open
• calcium channel open when the potential difference in the cell is less negative. Otherwise closed

Question 12

What happens in the cell when ATP is formed form glucose?
What does this cause across the cell? What does it become? Less..

Answer 12

• The potassium ions are closed
• Creating a potential difference across the cell. Becoming less negative.

Question 13

When the cell becomes less negative how can the potential difference change in cells?

What does this (ion) cause insulin to do? What is this process? Ex

Answer 13

• Ca2+ ion channels are open
• causes insulin to move towards the cell, fuse and be released
• Exocytosis

Question 14

What is hypoglycaemia?

Name one thing that happen when blood glucose is low and high?

Answer 14

When blood glucose is too high or too low

• low: irritability, tiredness
• high: diabetes, organ damage

Question 15

What can glucose be converted to/ used for? 3

Answer 15

• converted to glycogen
• converted to fats
• used respiration

Question 16

What are the effects of glucagon (glucose is too low)?
- glycogen..
- what is used more in respiration?
- A A and F converted to..

Answer 16

• Glycogen converted to glucose
• More fatty acids used in respiration
• amino acids and fats converted to glucose

Question 17

Where is glucagon detected by receptors in..

Answer 17

Receptors in the liver cells

Question 18

Where does insulin get detected from? 2

What is its function from these areas? - Removes

Answer 18

• Liver
• Muscle cells

Remove glucose from the blood converting to glycogen