5.4 Pancreas Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does the exocrine secret substances to?

Where does endocrine secret substances to?

A

The blood

Ducts

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2
Q

What is the endocrine group of cells called? ( the cells outside the islet of langerhans) A

A

Acinus

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3
Q

Where does the enzymes go from the acinus ducts? Duo

What/ where is this structure?

A

Duodenum

First part of the small intestine

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4
Q

What three enzymes does it release?
- P A
- T
- L

A
  • Pancreatic amylase
  • Trypsinogen
  • Lipase
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5
Q

What does pancreatic amylase digesting what and what to?

A
  • Amylose to maltose
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6
Q

What is trypsinogen? Inactive pr..

What is it converted to? When entering the ..?

A

-Inactive protease

  • converted to active trypsin when it enters the duodenum
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7
Q

What does lipase do?

A

Digests lipid molecules

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8
Q

What does the beta cell in pancreas secrete?

What does the alpha cells secrete?

A

-Glucagon

  • Insulin
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9
Q

When releasing insulin what channels are located around the cell?

A

Potassium and calcium channels

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10
Q

When glucose is too high in what will it do relating to the cell? What is metabolised into?

A
  • enters the cell
  • metabolised into ATP
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11
Q

What is the difference in pancreas islet of langerhans between the calcium and potassium ion channel?

A
  • potassium ion channel is normally open
  • calcium channel open when the potential difference in the cell is less negative. Otherwise closed
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12
Q

What happens in the cell when ATP is formed form glucose?
What does this cause across the cell? What does it become? Less..

A
  • The potassium ions are closed
  • Creating a potential difference across the cell. Becoming less negative.
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13
Q

When the cell becomes less negative how can the potential difference change in cells?

What does this (ion) cause insulin to do? What is this process? Ex

A
  • Ca2+ ion channels are open
  • causes insulin to move towards the cell, fuse and be released
  • Exocytosis
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14
Q

What is hypoglycaemia?

Name one thing that happen when blood glucose is low and high?

A

When blood glucose is too high or too low

  • low: irritability, tiredness
  • high: diabetes, organ damage
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15
Q

What can glucose be converted to/ used for? 3

A
  • converted to glycogen
  • converted to fats
  • used respiration
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16
Q

What are the effects of glucagon (glucose is too low)?
- glycogen..
- what is used more in respiration?
- A A and F converted to..

A
  • Glycogen converted to glucose
  • More fatty acids used in respiration
  • amino acids and fats converted to glucose
17
Q

Where is glucagon detected by receptors in..

A

Receptors in the liver cells

18
Q

Where does insulin get detected from? 2

What is its function from these areas? - Removes

A
  • Liver
  • Muscle cells

Remove glucose from the blood converting to glycogen