5.2.5- 8 Kidneys Functions Flashcards
During ultrafiltration what is needed for the reabsorption of water? Conc.. created by..
-A concentration gradient created by Na
What first occurs in the reabsorption of? (x is A.. pumped out)
What happens to the mineral (x) that is A..pumped out? What does it create? C
- Na is actively pumped out
-The concentration of Na in cytoplasm decrease.. creating a concentration gradient
In reabsorption when the concentration gradient is created from na what happens? What protein used
Carrying what? A & G
Na is diffused into the cell through cotransport protein
- carrying an amino acid and glucose
In reabsorption when na diffuses into the cell with glucose and amino acid
what moves into the cell?
Through what process?
- H2O
- osmosis
Where does glucose and amino acids go?
What transport is used?
- Out to the blood
- Diffusion
In the proximal and distal convoluted tube,is Na+ and Cl being transported inside/ outside? (What process) 2
-Proximal convoluted tube: Inside: Diffusion
-Distal convoluted tube: Outside: Active transport
Throughout the reabsorption in the nephron what are the molecules getting reabsorbed/ released from the nephron to the kidneys? 4 Where
- water continuously
-Na+ and Cl- in distal convoluted tube
-glucose + amino acids
-What is Hypotonic point in reabsorption?
-Where does this occur? Bottom
- what is the opposite of Hypotonic? I
High conc of salt inside
- bottom of loop of Henle
- Isotonic point
Where is ADH made?
Hypothalamus
During osmoregulation where is ADH secreted out of? Ppg
What mechanism releases ADH? E
Posterior pituitary gland
Exocytosis
When is ADH release?
Where does it travel to?
- when there is a low water potential (more negative) in the blood
- kidneys
What cell linings have ADH receptors? C
Bonus?
- Collecting Duct
- distal convoluted tube
What is ADH main purpose in terms of permeability? Increase.. in cell..in
- Increase the permeability of cell wall in collecting duct
When ADH has travelled in the blood and is detected by receptors what does it simulate? E.. active
What does this cause? Vessicle of .. to .. surface
-Enzymes to become active
- Vesicles of Aquaporin to move to cell surface
What do the vesicles do when they reach the cell membrane? F..
- Fuse with the membrane
In osmoregulation when the aquaporin membrane fuse to the cell membrane what does it become a part of? What does it increase?
How will water be reabsorbed into the blood? Conc
- Becomes part of the cell membrane
- increases the permeability of the ducts to water
- using conc gradient the water will move out the cell to blood cells
What does osmoregulation regulate? ⚖️
Balance between salt and water potential
When there is a reduction of water potential what does the osmorecetors in the hypothalamus do?
What do they cause?
- They shrink
- Release of ADH
What’s unique about neurosecretory cells? H
Only neurons that release hormones
What does protien in the urea
What is the Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? Rate.. fluid.. nep
The rate at which fluid enters the nephron
What are the causes of kidney failure ? D, H, Hyp, In
Diabetes
Heart disease
Hypertension
Infections
What are the main types of treatments for kidney failure? T, rd
Kidney transplant
Renal dialysis
What does dialysis perform the function of?
What does the dialysis guild act as and what does it contain? M i, u, w
- kidneys
-Blood plasma
-mineral ions, urea, water
