6.4 Cloning And Biotechnology Flashcards
Define clones
- genetically ide..
Genetically identical organisms
What are the two natural clones in plant and humans? And what happens?
- Asexual plants (organisms generated from a cell from parent cell)
- Identical twins (fertilised egg splits)
What are two advantages to natural cloning? Which will?
-🏃♀️
- Favours Ase.. where one p.. is
- Cloning is rapid- increase the population
-Favours Asexual reproduction where only on parent is present
What are some disadvantages of natural cloning? 4
-🥵🌎
-✊🏾
- v 🧍🧍🏽♂️
- s 👆🏾”I want you”
- Overcrowding
- No genetic biodiversity
- Population show little variation
- Selection is not possible
What is vegetative propagation?
- new plant.. portion
What are the 4 different types of roots? R/S, R, S. where/what are they?
- A new plant growing from any portion of the parent plant
- Runners/ Stolen: grown on surface
-Rhizomes: grow underground-Thicker - Suckers: New stems growing from parent
What is the process of micropropagation using tissue culture?
- E
- S using
- G containg.. to form?
- C/ D
- G containing.. to form?
- S
- Explant
- Sterilisation using bleech/ alcohol
- Growth medium contain: Glucose, Amino acids, Phosphate to form callus
- Cut into clump
- Another growth medium contain: cytokinin + auxin - roots to form
- Place to soil
What are the advantages of micropropagation?
- 👶
- 🏃♀️
- if sexual reproduction is not possible
- quick
What is a disadvantage of clones ? 3
LEG
-Labour intensive
- Expensive
- Genetically identical
What are the 2 techniques for Artificial clones for animals?
- E T, S
- Embryo splitting/ twinning
- Somatic cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)
What are the 4 steps in Embryo splitting?
- Z created from?
- D by? Into?
- S allow to?
- E
- Zygote created by IVF
- Divide by mitosis into clumps of cells
- Split clumps allow to divide
- Embryos placed in surrogate mom
What are the 5 steps in Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?
- En
- F S+E
- S
- D into?
- E
- Enucleation (remove nucleus from egg cell).
- Fuse somatic cell (body cell) to emptied eggs cell
- Shock cause egg to develop as if it has been fertilised
- Divide into small clump of cells
- Embryo place into surrogate
What is biotechnology?
The use of living organisms in industrial processes
What is the advantages of using microorganisms in biotechnology? 4
- C
- Gr
- ⛽️
- 🌎
- cheap
- easy to grow
- takes place in lower temp saves fuels reduce cost
- can take place anywhere in world not dependent on climate