6.4 Cloning And Biotechnology

Question 1

Define clones

• genetically ide..

Answer 1

Genetically identical organisms

Question 2

What are the two natural clones in plant and humans? And what happens?

Answer 2

• Asexual plants (organisms generated from a cell from parent cell)
• Identical twins (fertilised egg splits)

Question 3

What are two advantages to natural cloning? Which will?
-🏃‍♀️
- Favours Ase.. where one p.. is

Answer 3

• Cloning is rapid- increase the population
  -Favours Asexual reproduction where only on parent is present

Question 4

What are some disadvantages of natural cloning? 4
-🥵🌎
-✊🏾
- v 🧍🧍🏽‍♂️
- s 👆🏾”I want you”

Answer 4

• Overcrowding
• No genetic biodiversity
• Population show little variation
• Selection is not possible

Question 5

What is vegetative propagation?
- new plant.. portion

What are the 4 different types of roots? R/S, R, S. where/what are they?

Answer 5

• A new plant growing from any portion of the parent plant
• Runners/ Stolen: grown on surface
  -Rhizomes: grow underground-Thicker
• Suckers: New stems growing from parent

Question 6

What is the process of micropropagation using tissue culture?
- E
- S using
- G containg.. to form?
- C/ D
- G containing.. to form?
- S

Answer 6

• Explant
• Sterilisation using bleech/ alcohol
• Growth medium contain: Glucose, Amino acids, Phosphate to form callus
• Cut into clump
• Another growth medium contain: cytokinin + auxin - roots to form
• Place to soil

Question 7

What are the advantages of micropropagation?
- 👶
- 🏃‍♀️

Answer 7

• if sexual reproduction is not possible
• quick

Question 8

What is a disadvantage of clones ? 3
LEG

Answer 8

-Labour intensive
- Expensive
- Genetically identical

Question 9

What are the 2 techniques for Artificial clones for animals?
- E T, S

Answer 9

• Embryo splitting/ twinning
• Somatic cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)

Question 10

What are the 4 steps in Embryo splitting?
- Z created from?
- D by? Into?
- S allow to?
- E

Answer 10

• Zygote created by IVF
• Divide by mitosis into clumps of cells
• Split clumps allow to divide
• Embryos placed in surrogate mom

Question 11

What are the 5 steps in Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?
- En
- F S+E
- S
- D into?
- E

Answer 11

• Enucleation (remove nucleus from egg cell).
• Fuse somatic cell (body cell) to emptied eggs cell
• Shock cause egg to develop as if it has been fertilised
• Divide into small clump of cells
• Embryo place into surrogate

Question 12

What is biotechnology?

Answer 12

The use of living organisms in industrial processes

Question 13

What is the advantages of using microorganisms in biotechnology? 4
- C
- Gr
- ⛽️
- 🌎

Answer 13

• cheap
• easy to grow
• takes place in lower temp saves fuels reduce cost
• can take place anywhere in world not dependent on climate