6.4 Cloning And Biotechnology Flashcards

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1
Q

Define clones

  • genetically ide..
A

Genetically identical organisms

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2
Q

What are the two natural clones in plant and humans? And what happens?

A
  • Asexual plants (organisms generated from a cell from parent cell)
  • Identical twins (fertilised egg splits)
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3
Q

What are two advantages to natural cloning? Which will?
-🏃‍♀️
- Favours Ase.. where one p.. is

A
  • Cloning is rapid- increase the population
    -Favours Asexual reproduction where only on parent is present
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4
Q

What are some disadvantages of natural cloning? 4
-🥵🌎
-✊🏾
- v 🧍🧍🏽‍♂️
- s 👆🏾”I want you”

A
  • Overcrowding
  • No genetic biodiversity
  • Population show little variation
  • Selection is not possible
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5
Q

What is vegetative propagation?
- new plant.. portion

What are the 4 different types of roots? R/S, R, S. where/what are they?

A
  • A new plant growing from any portion of the parent plant
  • Runners/ Stolen: grown on surface
    -Rhizomes: grow underground-Thicker
  • Suckers: New stems growing from parent
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6
Q

What is the process of micropropagation using tissue culture?
- E
- S using
- G containg.. to form?
- C/ D
- G containing.. to form?
- S

A
  • Explant
  • Sterilisation using bleech/ alcohol
  • Growth medium contain: Glucose, Amino acids, Phosphate to form callus
  • Cut into clump
  • Another growth medium contain: cytokinin + auxin - roots to form
  • Place to soil
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7
Q

What are the advantages of micropropagation?
- 👶
- 🏃‍♀️

A
  • if sexual reproduction is not possible
  • quick
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8
Q

What is a disadvantage of clones ? 3
LEG

A

-Labour intensive
- Expensive
- Genetically identical

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9
Q

What are the 2 techniques for Artificial clones for animals?
- E T, S

A
  • Embryo splitting/ twinning
  • Somatic cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)
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10
Q

What are the 4 steps in Embryo splitting?
- Z created from?
- D by? Into?
- S allow to?
- E

A
  • Zygote created by IVF
  • Divide by mitosis into clumps of cells
  • Split clumps allow to divide
  • Embryos placed in surrogate mom
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11
Q

What are the 5 steps in Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)?
- En
- F S+E
- S
- D into?
- E

A
  • Enucleation (remove nucleus from egg cell).
  • Fuse somatic cell (body cell) to emptied eggs cell
  • Shock cause egg to develop as if it has been fertilised
  • Divide into small clump of cells
  • Embryo place into surrogate
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12
Q

What is biotechnology?

A

The use of living organisms in industrial processes

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13
Q

What is the advantages of using microorganisms in biotechnology? 4
- C
- Gr
- ⛽️
- 🌎

A
  • cheap
  • easy to grow
  • takes place in lower temp saves fuels reduce cost
  • can take place anywhere in world not dependent on climate
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