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Pharmacology 1 > Cancer Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Cancer Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, Procarbazine, Dacarbazine, Busulfan, Carmustine

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2
Q

Antimetabolites

A

5-fluorouracil, methotrexate

gemcitabine, 6-mercaptopurine, cytarabine

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3
Q

Natural products

A

Etoposide, paclitaxel, vincristine, Vinblastine

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4
Q

Antitumor antibiotics

A

Bleomycine, doxorubicin, mitomycin, actinomycin D,

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5
Q

Miscellaneous

A

Imatinib, cetuximab

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6
Q

Hormonal

A

Prednisone, tamoxifen

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7
Q

Log-kill hypothesis

A

anticancer drugs kill a fixed proportion of a tumor cell population, not a fixed number of tumor cells

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8
Q

Cell Cycle Nonspecific Drugs (CCNS)

A

G0 phase (CCNS)
Cisplatin
Antitumor antibiotics,
Nitrosureas (Lomustine, carmustine)

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9
Q

Cell cycle Specific Drugs (CCS) S phase

A

S phase (66 MECH)
6-mercaptopurine, 6 thioguanine, Methotrexate
Etoposide, Cytarabine, Hydroxyurea,

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10
Q

Cell cycle Specific Drugs (CCS) G2 phase

A

Bleomycine

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11
Q

Cell cycle Specific Drugs (CCS) M phase

A

Vinblastine
Vincrisine
Paclitaxel

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12
Q

Use of chemotherapy in patients with localized cancer before performing local therapy (surgery)

A

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

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13
Q

Chemotherapy done after local treatment procedures such as surgery or radiation

A

Adjuvant chemotherapy

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14
Q

Rescue drug for methotrexate toxicity

A

Leucoverin

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15
Q

Rescue drug for cyclophosphamide toxicity

A

MESNA (mercaptoethane sulfate)

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16
Q

Rescue drug for doxorubicin toxicity

A

Dexrazoxane

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17
Q

Rescue drug for Cisplatin toxicity

A

Amifostine

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18
Q

Class Alkylating agent
MOA: Forms DNA cross-links resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function.
Uses: Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, CLL
AE: bone marrow suppression, HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS

A

Cyclophosphamide

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19
Q

Class Alkylating agent
MOA: Forms DNA cross-links resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function.
Uses: Testicular CA, Ovarian CA, Advanced colon CA
AE: Nephrotoxicity

A

Cisplatin

Advanced colon CA (Oxaliplatin)

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20
Q

Class Alkylating agent
MOA: Forms hydrogen peroxide w/c generates free radicals that cause DNA strand scission
Uses: Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
AE: Leukemogenic, Disulfiram rxn, BMS

A

Procarbazine

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21
Q

Class Alkylating agent
MOA: Forms hydrogen peroxide w/c generates free radicals that cause DNA strand scission
Uses: Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
AE: BMS, Phototoxicity, Flu-like syndrome

A

Dacarbazine

22
Q

Class Alkylating agent
MOA: Forms DNA cross-links resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function.
Uses: CML
SE: Pulmonary fibrosis, Adrenal insufficiency , Skin pigmentation
Notes: SPAREs the bone marrow

A

Busulfan

23
Q

Class Alkylating agent
MOA: Forms DNA cross-links resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function.
Uses: BRAIN TUMORS, melanoma, skin CA
SE: CNS toxicity

A

Carmustine

- highly lipophilic, able to pass the BBB

24
Q

Class: Antimetabolite, DMARD
MOA: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Decrease synthesis of thymidylate, AA, purine nucleotides.
Uses: ChorioCA, Primary CNS lymphoma, RA, Psoriasis, Ectopic pregnancy
SE: BMS

A

Methotrexate

25
Q

Class: Antimetabolite
MOA: Inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis. Activated by HGPRT.
Uses Acute Leukemias (ALL, AML), CML
SE: BMS, Hepatotoxicity

A

6 Mercaptopurine (purine)

26
Q

6 MP metabolism is inhibited by?

A

Allopurinol and febuxostat

27
Q

Class Antimetabolite
MOA Inhibits thymidylate synthase
Uses: Colorectal CA, Bladder CA, Skin CA (basal cell ca, actinic keratoses)
SE: BMS

A

5 Fluorouracil (pyrimidine)

28
Q

Class Antimetabolite
MOA: Inhibits DNA synthesis and repair. Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase with reduced formation of dNTPs.
Uses: Acute leukemias (ALL,AML), CML in blast crisis
Notes: Most specific for S phase cell cycle

A

Cytarabine (pyrimidine)

29
Q

Class Antimetabolie
MOA: Inhibits DNA synthesis and repair. Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase with reduced formation of dNTPs.
Uses: Pancreatic CA

A

Gemcitabine

30
Q 
Class: Vinca Alkaloid
MOA: Prevents microtubule assembly. Causes cell arrest at metaphase
Use: Acute Leukemias, Lymphomas
SE: Peripheral neuritis, paralytic ileus
Note: Spares Bone marrow
A

Vinblastine

31
Q

Class: Vinca Alkaloid
MOA: Prevents microtubule assembly. Causes cell arrest at metaphase
Uses: Testicular CA, Kaposi’s sarcoma
SE: BMS

A

Vincristine

32
Q

Class: Podophyllotoxin
MOA: Inhibits DNA topoisomerase II. Inhibits mitochondrial electron transport.
Uses: Lung CA, Prostate CA, Hodgkin’s lymphoma
SE: BMS, GI irritation, Alopecia

A

Etoposide

33
Q

Class Camptothecin
MOA Inhibits topoisomerase I
Uses: Advance ovarian ca (2nd line), small cell lung ca
Metastatic Colorectal CA

A

Topotecan: Advance ovarian ca (2nd line), small cell lung ca

Irinotecan: Metastatic Colorectal CA

34
Q

Class: Taxane
MOA: interferes with mitotic spindle. Prevents microtubule disassembly into tubulin monomers.
Uses: Advance breast and ovarian CA

A

Paclitaxel

35
Q

SE of Paclitaxel

A

Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, peripheral neuropathy

36
Q

SE of Docetaxel

A

Neurotoxicity, BMS

37
Q

Class: Antitumor antibiotic
MOA: generates free radicals, w/c cause DNA strand breaks, Intercalates with DNA
Use: Testicular CA
SE: Pulmonary fibrosis
Notes: Specific for G2 phase of cell cycle

A

Bleomycin

38
Q

Class: Antitumor antibiotic
MOA Binds to dsDNA. Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. CCNS
Use: Melanoma, Wilm’s Tumor, Rhabdomyosarcoma
SE: BMS

A

Actinomycin D

39
Q

Class Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
MOA: Inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of the protein product of bcr-abl oncogene in CML; Inhibits c-kit tyrosine kinase in GIST
Use: CML, GIST
SE: Fluid retention, Drug interactions

A

Imatinib

40
Q

Class Monoclonal antibody
MOA: acts against breast ca cells that overexpress the HER2/neu receptor for epidermal growth factor
Uses: Metastatic breast CA
SE: Cardiotoxicity (CHF)

A

Trastuzumab

41
Q

Class: Monoclonal antibody
MOA: inhibits binding of VEGF to VEGFR leading to inhibition of VEGF signaling. Inhibits tumor vascular permeability but enhances tumor blood flow and drug delivery
Use: Metastatic Colorectal CA, Non-small cell Lung CA, Diabetes retinopathy
SE: Gastrointestinal perforation

A

Bevacizumab

42
Q

Class: Monoclonal antibody
MOA: Binds to surface protein in NHL cells. Induces complement mediated lysis. Direct cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis
Uses: Nonhodgkins lymphoma (low grade)

A

Rituximab

43
Q

Class Interferon
MOA: Endogenous glycoproteins with antineoplastic, immunosuppressive and antiviral actions
Uses: Hair cell leukemia, T-cell lymphoma
SE: Neurologic dysfunction, alopecia, myalgia, depression
Notes: CI include autoimmune disease, history of cardiac arrhythmias and pregnancy

A

Interferon Alpha

44
Q

Class: substrate-depleting enzyme
MOA: depletes serum asparagine
Uses: ALL
SE Acute pancreatitis

A

Asparaginase

45
Q 
Class Vitamin A derivative
MOA: Allows DNA transcription and differentiation of immature leukemic promyelocytes into mature granulocytes (differentiation therapy)
Uses: Acute promyelocytic leukemia
SE: Retinoic acid syndrome 
Notes: Only vitamin that can cure cancer
Does not directly kill cancer cells
A

All trans retinoic acid

46
Q

Retinoic Acid Syndrome

A

Dyspnea, fever, wt gain, peripheral edema

47
Q

DOC Retinoic Acid Syndrome

A

Dexamethasone

48
Q

MOA: suppresses inflammation and immune response. May trigger apoptosis and work on nondividing cancer cells
Use: CLL, Hodgkin’s lymphomas
SE: adrenal suppression, growth inhibition, muscle wasting

A

Prednisone

49
Q

Class: Selective Estrogen Receptor modulator
MOA: Estrogen antagonist actions in breast tissue and CNS. Estrogen agonists effects in uterus, liver & bone
Uses: Hormone responsive breast ca
SE: Endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial ca
Notes: prevents osteoporosis and decrease risk for atherosclerosis

A

Tamoxifen

50
Q

Class: Androgen antagonist
MOA Competitive antagonist at androgen receptor
Uses: Prostate CA, surgical castration
SE: gynecomastia, hot flushes

A

Flutamide
Surgical castration (nilutamide)
Notes: less hepatotoxicity with bicalutamide and nilutamide
GnRH analogs (leuprolide) must be co-administered with flutamide to prevent acute flare-up of prostate CA

51
Q

Class: GnRH analog
MOA: Increased LH and FSH secretion with intermittent administration. Reduced LH and FSH secretion with prolonged continuous administration
Uses: Prostate CA, Precocious puberty
SE: Hot flushes, sweats, headache,

A

Leuprolide

52
Q

Class: Estrogen synthesis inhibitor
MOA: Reduces estrogen synthesis by inhibiting aromatase
Uses: Breast CA, Precocious puberty
Notes: effective against Breast CA that have become resistant to tamoxifen

A

Anastrozole

Pharmacology 1 (17 decks)

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