Antibiotic agents Flashcards
Bacteriostatic Antibiotics
We’re ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics
Erythromycin Clindamycin Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim Tetracycline Chloramphenicol
Bactericidal Antibiotics
Very Finely Proficient At Murder
Vancomycin Fluroquinolones Penicillins Aminoglycosides Metronidazole
MOA of Penicillin
binds to PBPs
inhibits transpeptidation in bacterial cell walls
Describe the antimicrobial coverage of extended spectrum penicillins
Amoxicillins HELPS kill Enterococci H. influenzae E. coli L. monocytogenes Proteus Salmonella
Treatment for Psuedombranous colitis
DOC: metronidazole
next line: Vancomycin (oral)
Microbial Coverage of 1st Gen Cephalosporins
+PEcKs FIRST
Gram+
Proteus
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
First Gen Cephalosporins
FADer help me FaZ my PHarmacology boards!
CeFADroxil CeFAZolin CePHalothin CePHapirin CePHradine CePHalexine
Microbial Coverage of 2nd Gen Cephalosporins
HEN PEcKS
H. Influenzae
Enterobacter Aerogenes
Neisseria spp
Proteus Mirabilis
E. coli
K. Pneumoniae
Serratia marcescens
2nd Gen Cephalosporins
In a FAMily gathering, you see your FOXy cousin wearing a FUR coat and drinking Tea
CeFAMandole, CeFOXitin, CeFURoxime, CefoTEtan
FAC, LORA the PROfessional AZhOLE is still on the FONe
CeFAClor, LORAcarbef, CefPROzil, CefmetAZOLE, CeFONicid
3rd Generation Cephalosporins
FEnge PO ng PERA to fix my TTTTTV CeFEtamet CefPOdoxin CefoPERAzone CeFIXime CefTriaxone CefTazidine CefoTaxime CefTizoxime CefTibuten
2nd Gen Ceph that can cross BBB
Cefuroxime
Anti- Pseudomonal Cephalosporins
CefTAZidime (3rd)
CeFEPime (4th)
CeFOPerazone (3rd)
4th Gen Cephalosporin
Cefipime
Mononactam used for resistant beta-lactamases
NO activity against gram positive bacteria or anaerobes
Aztreonam
Beta Lactamase Inhibitors
Clavulanic acid
Tazobactam
Sulbactam
DOC for MRSA
SE: Red Man syndrome
Vancomycin
Drugs of Last Resort
I AM your Last Shot at Victory
Imipenem Amikacin Meropenem Linezolid Streptogramibs Vancomycin
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
BUY AT 30, CELLS at 50
30s
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
50s Chloramphenicol Erythromycin (Macrolides) Lincosamides (clindamycin) Linezolid Streptogramins
Gray Baby Syndrome
- ashen gray skin
Aplastic anemia (idiosyncratic)
Chloramphenicol
MOA: block attachment of T-RNA to acceptor site
SE: tooth enamel dysplasia
photosensitivity
NO to milk!
Tetracycline
Only macrolide that is not a CYP450 inhibitor
Azithromycin
Causes Pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin
Clindamycin vs Metronidazole
both for anaerobic infections
clindamycin - above the diaphragm
metronidazole - below the diaphragm
Causes arthralgia-myalgia syndrome
Quinopristin-Dalfopristin
streptogramin
Postantibiotic effect
Aminoglycosides & flouroquinolone
Aminoglycoside w/ Narrowest therapeutic window
Amikacin
MOA: bind to 30s ribosomal unit interferes with synthesis of protein synthesis
Block formation of initiation complex
Cause misreading of code on the mRNA template
Inhibit translocation
Require O2 transport
Aminoglycosides
Aminoglycoside resistance
Plasmid mediated inactivation
Amikacin - resistant to many enzyme
Aminoglycosides
Mean GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes Gentamicin Neomycin Amikacin Tobramycin Streptomycin
Are nephrotoxic, ototoxic, teratogens
Most vestibulotoxic & nephrotoxic aminoglycosides
Tobramycin
Gentamicin
Aminoglycoside used in hepatic encephalopathy
SE: neuromuscular blockade
Neomycin
Most ototoxic aminoglycoside
Amikacin, kanamycin
MOA: competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthase
Resembles PABA
Sulfonamide
DOC: P. Jiroveci
Co-trimazole
MOA of fluoroquinolones
Inhibits
1) topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) in gram (-)
2) topoisomerase IV in gram (+)
DOC atypical pneumonia
Macrolides
SE: tendinitis & tendon rupture
Flouroquinolomes
MOA: reactive reduction by ferredoxin forming free radicals that disrup electron transport chain
Metronidazole
