cancer

Question 1

cancer cells

Answer 1

can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other areas of the body through lymph and blood vessels (metastasis).

Question 2

cancer of epthelial tissue

Answer 2

carcinomas

Question 3

mesenchymal tissue

Answer 3

sarcomas

Question 4

blood forming cells

Answer 4

leukemias

Question 5

lympth tissue

Answer 5

lymphomas

Question 6

plasma cells

Answer 6

myelomas

Question 7

cancer warning signs

Answer 7

C: Change in bowel or bladder habits
A: A sore that doesn’t heal
U: Unusual bleeding or discharge
T: Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
I: Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O: Obvious change in warts or moles
N: Nagging cough or hoarseness

Question 8

risk factors

Answer 8

• age
• immune function
• chronic irritation and tissue trama
• race
• genetic predisposition
• exposure to chemicals, tobacco, alcohol, exposure to viruses and bacteria
• diet
• sun, uv light, radiation: Ionizing (radon, x‑ray) and UV (sun, tanning beds)
• sex: Multiple sexual partners or STIs
• Poverty
• Obesity
• Chronic GERD
• Air pollution

Question 9

age

Answer 9

• Highest incidence of cancer occurs in older adults.
• Older adult women most commonly develop skin, colorectal, breast, lung, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers.
• Older adult men most commonly develop skin, lung, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, and gastric cancers.

Question 10

immune function

Answer 10

Cancer incidence increases among clients who are immunosuppressed

Question 11

chronic irritation and tissue trauma

Answer 11

Incidence of skin cancer is higher in people who have burn scars or other types of severe skin injury.
- burns, scars, chronic sunburn

Question 12

afrian americans more likely to get

Answer 12

prostate

Question 13

white more likely to get

Answer 13

testiculr

Question 14

Liver cancer can develop after many years of infection with

Answer 14

• hepatitis B or hepatitis C.

Question 15

Infection with Epstein‑Barr virus has been linked to an increased risk of

Answer 15

• lymphoma.

Question 16

HPV infection is the main cause of

Answer 16

• cervical cancer.

Question 17

HIV increases the risk of

Answer 17

• lymphoma and
• Kaposi’s sarcoma.

Question 18

Helicobacter pylori can increase the risk of

Answer 18

• stomach cancer and lymphoma of the stomach lining.

Question 19

diet

Answer 19

A diet high in fat, red meat, processed meat, preservatives, and additives, and low in fiber

Question 20

mammogram

Answer 20

Annually for women older than 40

Question 21

Clinical breast exam:

Answer 21

Annually for women older than 40 (every 3 years for women 20 to 39 years old)

Question 22

Colonoscopy

Answer 22

At age 50 and then every 10 years Fecal occult blood ( done every year)

Question 23

Screening for gene mutations

Answer 23

For clients who have a strong family history of breast or colon cancer

Question 24

imaging

Answer 24

CT scan
MRI
PET scan
Ultrasound
X‑ray

Findings that indicate or increase suspicion of cancer must be further evaluated.

A variety of imaging and laboratory tests can be used to detect the following:
- Degree of tumor involvement
- Type of tumor
- Areas of metastasis
- Complications of cancer

Question 25

what stage is metasized cancer

Answer 25

4