adrenal gland

Question 1

what does the adrenal cortext produce

Answer 1

produces glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and sex hormones.

Question 2

drenal medulla produces

Answer 2

catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 3

addisons disease

Answer 3

Adrenal insufficiency: The hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones

Question 4

addisons caused by

Answer 4

Autoimmune disease
TB histoplasmosis
adrenalectomy
tumors
HIV
Can be induced by the abrupt cessation of steroid medications.

Question 5

clinical manifestations of addisons

Answer 5

• Weakness and fatigue
  
  • Nausea and vomiting
    -Hyperpigmentation
  • Hypotension
  • Increased heart rate
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hypercalcemia
• sick all the time

Question 6

what do you give addison

Answer 6

add cortisol

Question 7

cushing disease caused

Answer 7

• oversecretion of the hormones the adrenal cortex produces.
• result of a tumor in the pituitary gland resulting in release of the hormone ACTH.
• long‑term use of glucocorticoids to treat other conditions, such as asthma or rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 8

age for cushings

Answer 8

20-40

Question 9

causes of increased cortisol in cushings

Answer 9

• Adrenal hyperplasia
• Adrenocortical carcinoma
• Pituitary carcinoma that secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• Carcinomas of the lung, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or pancreas (these tumors can secrete ACTH)

Question 10

expected findings for cushings

Answer 10

• Weakness, fatigue, sleep disturbances
• Back and joint pain
• Altered emotional state (irritability, depression)
• Decreased libido

Question 11

physical assessment findings for cushings

Answer 11

• Evidence of decreased immune function and decreased inflammatory response (infections without fever, swelling, drainage, redness)
• Thin, fragile skin
• Bruising and petechiae (fragile blood vessels)

Question 12

cushings physical assessment

Answer 12

• Hypertension (sodium and water retention)
• Tachycardia
  Gastric ulcers due to oversecretion of hydrochloric acid
• Weight gain and increased appetite
• Irregular menses
• Dependent edema: Changes in fat distribution, including the characteristic fat distribution of moon face, truncal obesity, and fat collection on the back of the neck (buffalo hump)

Question 13

cushings what they look like

Answer 13

• Fractures (osteoporosis)
• Bone pain and fractures with an increased risk for falls
• Muscle wasting (particularly in the extremities)
• Impaired glucose tolerance
• Frequent infections, poor wound healing
• Hirsutism
• Acne
• Red cheeks
• Striae (reddened lines on the abdomen, upper arms, thighs)
• Clitoral hypertrophy
• Thinning, balding hair
• Hyperglycemia
• Emotional lability

Question 14

test for cushing

Answer 14

• dexamethasone supression test: Tests vary in length and amount of dexamethasone to administer.
• 24-hr urine collections show suppression of cortisol excretion in clients who do not have Cushing’s disease.

Question 15

diagnostic procedures

Answer 15

• X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, and CT scans identify lesions of the pituitary gland, adrenal gland, lung, GI tract, and pancreas.
• Radiological imaging determines the source of adrenal insufficiency (tumor, adrenal atrophy).